This is a type of training activity that comes highly recommended by the Harvard Business Review (HBR). We talk about how MY perspective is different than their perspective. Using Purchase Orders: TPT and BOOM Learning. Players also witness others at the table modeling perspective-taking: Lucy is not actually Thora the Brave, but her actions and expressions represent those of her character. The rest of the group then guesses what emotion is being portrayed. Ready for NO Print Icebreakers for Teletherapy? These are great for team-building at a retreat or a break at the office. The ability to compare differing viewpoints is a cognitively complex process. Game Master: You hear the sound of lumbering footsteps behind you. My son (6.5, in kinder, high functioning ASD) cannot tolerate angry or upset displays of emotions from other children. Give him some ideas like going to get an ice pack, helping the other child up off the group, or finding something fun for the child to do. At this point, children continue to fine-tune their ability to take the perspective of others and understand someone elses thoughts, feelings, and motives. They are often used in my office! The moment is tense, and baffling. In my search, I also found It's Okay to Be Different which is a free program with the intention to comprehensively foster empathy, understanding, and kindness in all children. Scenarios include a variety of situations, including at home, at school, and with friends. The child is asked to choose among the three choices on what the character could possibly be thinking. He has the same problems at school. Many of our speech therapy students on the spectrum, or those with ADHD or mental health challenges, are impulsive in their first impressions of people and situations. Lessons teach how to see someone else's point of view, consider other people's feelings and thinking, how to identify multiple perspectives, and how you can change your perspective to have a happier outlook. One will likely say it is a W and the other will likely say it is an M. This is a good way to start the discussion about perspective-taking. While not perfect, perspective taking is an essential skill for success in many areas of life, from a chess match to negotiating geopolitical treaties. Included in this NO PREP packet are detailed lesson plans including goals and discussion questions and worksheets targeting age-appro, Distance learning, google slides google classroom and digital social skills and social inferencing.BUNDLEA social inferencing bundle for upper elementary students grade 3, grade 4, grade 5, grade 6 for social emotional learning (SEL) and social skills practice. You can use Four-step Perspective Taking as outlined above for problem-solving at work and in daily life to sharpen your skills. A spin on the regular charades, in this version, one student acts out emotions or feelings using their facial expressions and body language. Perspective Taking Activity with Real Photos - What Are They Thinking? Read books and talk about how the characters may be feeling in the book. You're wrong! Then, talk about why the character would have felt that emotion. It can also help them understand how the right interactions between people can make a difference. Discuss how different cultures may impact a persons behavior. Here are some ideas of what you can do with preschoolers who are not yet showing signs of understanding that other people have different perspectives and feelings than we do: During these years, the childs perspective-taking skills should continue to grow. You can find out more about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings. Emotional intelligence . Praising Others Hidden Rules Worksheet 3. I thought this was a really interesting study and could be a very cool way to work on perspective-taking with adolescents, since many teens are really into video games. In addition to thinking critically, students will also need to employ metacognitive strategies such as visualizing and synthesizing. prior blog post helpful on nonverbal communication. Perspective taking refers to an individual's ability to understand both visual (viewpoint) and perceptual (understanding) situations (Duffy, 2019). In fact, research shows that reading fiction is beneficial for developing empathy and perspective taking. Perspective taking is a developmental process, and concepts and skills related to social perspective taking become more complex with maturity. Working on social skills is extremely important to help students be successful both in and outside of school. How to Teach Inferencing and Other Abstract Language, http://www.education.com/reference/article/perspective-taking-theory-mind-different/, https://jillkuzma.wordpress.com/perspective-taking-skills/, Podcast: Play in new window | Download | Embed, Carrie you are awesome!! Exposure to picture books like Voices in the Park can kick off your book series learning. One of my favorite ways to work on perspective-taking and flexible thinking skills with kids is to show them a photograph and have them come up with, I wanted to share with you some of the ways that I teach perspective-taking to the kids that I work with. To do this successfully, you must have some understanding of others' thoughts, feelings, motivations, and intentions. Their characters are exploring an underground tunnel looking for signs of a missing king. Perspective-taking allows us to understand non-verbal communication and to become more self-aware. You can do this with photographs you find, or you can use my Two-Thoughts Game Series. When we see it from far away it looks different!Now show the first What Does That Remind You Of card and say: Now Im going to show you some other things. Thats another frustrating issue, that hes not getting help to overcome this fear but instead hes avoiding it, and possibly at the risk of becoming overly dependent on the paras (god bless them). Then well set you up to continue learning in the workplace and beyond. Watch this TED-Ed video in class and then have a discussion. Some filters moved to Formats filters, which is at the top of the page. It shapes our minds and opinions, our likes and dislikes. The good news is that, if you put in that effort, its a skill anyone can learn. ), and have the kids put their hand in and feel around and guess what the object is, without looking at it. These 4 differentiated Social Scenario activities will help children who struggle to understand the importance of considering others' perspectives. They may show concern for someone who is crying or try to do something to help that person. There are lots of different teachable moments that can happen in day to day life where you can talk about different perspectives people have on the same situation. Consider why you hold your perspective. We do this until wereready to build a hypothesis. It's the ability to take another person's point of view. When teaching social skills to kids, you typically start with teaching self-awareness skills before moving to social awareness skills, which is what is involved in perspective-taking or theory of mind. What can you suggest for literacy to compliment these. Roll your 20-sided die and add your perception skill to see if you hear anything in the tunnel with you. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The research shows it has many positive impacts, from increasing team creativity (3) to decreasing implicit bias (2). Then, ask the students to re-write the story based on what they think is a better conversation or result. Show them the What is that cards and reveal the answers after spending time guessing. Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Often times if a child struggles with perspective-taking they will say something like "No! Social Inference Worksheets for Older Students & Teens from Miss D's Autism Homeroom 8. Every quarter, schedule a show and tell where students bring something associated with their culture. Contents by Erin Frankel. This sheet will promote group discussions to enhance perspective-taking skills. Write down each characters name and then write what each character was thinking or feeling during the situation. People perceive the world differently because no two people have the same experiences. (2008). It will teach them that despite their differences, people can work together and enable them to have a more profound respect for people. PERSPECTIVE TAKING. This is what it is!" Also included in:Middle School Speech and Language Therapy: ULTIMATE GROWING BUNDLE! Teach children how to be kind, inclusive, and compassionate using 5 detailed social skills lessons filled with classroom tools and engaging activities to use for classroom lessons, guidance, or counseling.Through a variety of thought-provoking lessons, discussions, community building ideas, and, Use perspective-taking scenario cards to help students understand perspectives, build empathy, and strengthen social skills. Read stories about people from other countries. Activity 1: 72 photos, two different prompt cards. Not only does this crucial skill provide us with additional information about complex situations, it also activates brain regions linked with creativity and innovation. 2. B. 10 Amazing 5th Grade Reading Fluency Passages, 20 Simple Machine Activities For Middle School, 20 Billy Goats Gruff Activities For Preschool Students, 20 Hands-On Plant & Animal Cell Activities, 25 Interactive Synonym Activities to Boost Kids Language Skills, 20 Wholesome Activities For Walking In Someone Elses Shoes. Greeting People Social Scripts 5. Day, A., Howells, K., Mohr, P., Schall, E., & Gerace, A. For middle school and high school students, developing a sense of empathy and perspective is crucial. While reading books, help the child make guesses for why the characters did certain actions. These scenarios prompt children to think about how others may feel in the given situations. Lucys character cant turn around and respond to the monster if she doesnt know it is there, and we cant blame her for not responding if we dont let her know about the monster! Its terribly stressful at home, b/c when my three year old daughter throws tantrums typical of her age, my son acts out: hes thrown a book at her head, tries mightily to keep himself from hitting or kicking her (any of his aggressive behavior is definitely tied to anxiety and lack of appropriate emotional communication skills and coping strategies. Free speech therapy resources and activities sent directly to your inbox! I am a huge fan of bibliotherapy, and of course you can use books as a tool to help teach perspective-taking skills to kids! In this step, we imagine severalpossibilities. You can apply Four-step Perspective Taking to the situations in these exercises to get the most out of your practice. If you have adult learners, consider using a film like Twelve Angry Men where the same story is seen from different perspectives.) They knew it was a party). ARenewed Focus on theLearner Learning is undergoing a major shift, placing more focus on the learner than https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1OjBexYCEQ Perspective Taking:Why Now? We blame others when bad things happen to them, but blame external situations when bad things happen to us. Teaching Social Perspective Taking (4). When you do, you see the a large mummy step into the torchlight. Explore all motives, including conflicting motives. To create pipe cleaner glasses follow, There are lots of optical illusions you can, I am a huge fan of bibliotherapy, and of course you can use books as a tool to help teach perspective-taking skills to kids! It wasnt so bad when she was a little younger, b/c we could just redirect and distract to keep her happy. August: Nonverbal Communication and Tone of Voice. These two motivating sets of 55+ cards (113 total) target the following areas:Identify feelings and emotions through facial expressions and body gesturesEvaluate background clues to determine the settingPredict what may happen in the futurePredict what may have happened prior to the photograph being takenUse critical thinking to answer WH questionsProblem solve through various scenariosApply in, Perspective Taking is an essential and complex social skill for children. Keep in mind that this is still happening at a very simplistic level. There is some debate within the communication field about what comes first, either the cognitive or emotional components of perspective-taking. How are they perceiving the world? Perspective-taking is the ability to relate to other people and see things from their perspective. Since I play a lot of games in my groups, I always start off the year with activities about being a good sport. Recognize your mistakes and hold yourself accountable for them; and, if you havent, try giving others the benefit of the doubt. This resource includes 10 core lessons, each with several activities for extended practice. They see a peer or younger child upset and they want to help. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. Now, we are ready to engage with them, observe, and adjust our assumptions. A perspective can come from what you know about something already, an experience youve had with something, or what you can tell about something from how it looks to you., Zoo Academy: Grades K-1Zoo U: Grades 2-4SS GRIN: Grades 3-5Hall of Heroes: Middle SchoolStories in Motion: Autism, Free SEL ActivitiesSEL in the ClassroomSEL at HomePBIS Case Study, Copyright 2023Centervention| All Rights Reserved |Privacy Policy|Terms of Use. They begin to see how we are all a product of our environment and that past events and present circumstances all affect how we see the world. Appropriate for students in grades 3-8 and high school students with social-cognitive deficits. ?, Have I considered the fact that I dont know everything about this situation?, Am I assuming the cause of this behavior or belief instead of listening?, Am I writing people off as lost causes because we dont agree?, My country is the greatest in the world., Dont do business with (group name)they dont pay their bills., I hired him because he reminds me of myself at that age., Have I only put trust in their ideas because theyre like me?, Am I really looking at the facts in this situation, or am I letting pride or fear lead my decision?, Is my thought process being guided by stereotypes?, Am I repeating ideas about other groups without checking them against trustworthy sources?, I joined an online group recently. If you have students that are se, If you are sending summer work to students, do it, Use those Easel activities to easily assign homewo, It can be hard to get up every morning, knowing pe, emotions memory game from match the memory.com. TPT empowers educators to teach at their best. We call this theory of mind (meaning that the child understands that other people have other perspectives than their own). Another book to consider is called Stand In My Shoes: Kids Learning About Empathy by Bob Sornson. Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Only this part has a set of correct answers while the text box is set to be open-e, Want to help your students with perspective taking and understanding different points of view? This may involve sharing, taking turns, using words to explain the situation more thoroughly, etc. The October lesson plan for social skills is devoted to perspective-taking. Also included in:Social Skills Lessons BUNDLE for Middle & High School Teens - SEL Activities, Also included in:Social Emotional Learning, Social Skills, Character Education SEL Curriculum K-2, Also included in:Social Skills Activities & Lessons MEGA Bundle. Perspective taking requires many skills such as recognizing the emotions of others. In all, over 300 practical, proven ideas to build children's empathy muscles are provided in the book. Grocery Shopping Hidden Rules Worksheet 6. by Amy Krouse Rosenthal and Tom Lichtenheld is an amazing picture book inspired by this famous drawing from 1892. From Their Perspective: This no-prep social skills autism unit will help engage your younger students and show them how to improve their social skills using real photos, scenarios, and vocabulary that help them understand the hidden rules of body language and perspective-taking. page 3 perspective taking examples : The Story of the Three Little Pigs as Told by the Wolf (The Other Side of the Story): by Jessca Gunderson. They only got here because someone helped them., Am I asking questions, or am I making assumptions?, Have I taken responsibility for my own actions?, Am I extending the compassion that I would offer myself or my loved ones towards others?, They just think that way because they arent educated., Our customers cant figure this outwhat is WRONG with them?! Can you please __________________________________? Wow, fascinating! Babies dont have theory of mind yet. These are assumptions they may not be the truth, but theyre as close as we can get. Well walk you through the basics, from Four-step Perspective Taking to common obstacles. Founder and Creative Director of Learning. Below are classroom suggestions and various activities that foster collaboration while encouraging learners to view subjects and opinions from a different lens. If we are wrong, how might we know? They are a unique book series because they tell the story about bullying from 3 different perspectives (the bully, the victim, and the bystander.). Perspectives are bundles of beliefs, a mindset that we each embrace determining how we see one another, our experiences, and possibilities or lack thereof. This goal is to introduce the definition of empathy and help develop deeper empathy. Perspective-taking is an important skill that can help in solving social problems. This may lead to actions like giving someone who is crying a favorite toy because the child knows that would cheer him up if he had it himself. Reading about characters with distinct perspectives gives children an opportunity to identify the character's perspective and live there for a while. This is DIFFERENT than the point of view. 1. Davis (1983) provides a broader definition of empathy as the reactions of one individual to the observed experiences of another.. Socially Skilled Kids. Before children develop theory of mind, they assume that others know what they are thinking and how they are feeling. For example, talk about how getting the right to vote changed womens behaviors and attitudes or how slavery of African-Americans in America affected their behaviors and attitudes. I wanted to share with you some of the ways that I teach perspective-taking to the kids that I work with. If you have negative emotions, talk about what would make you feel better. *****************************************************************************************************************************What's Included:Kindness And Empathy Activi, Perspective Taking and understanding nonverbal communication, can be challenging for children with special needs such as, ASD, ADHD and other social emotional learning challenges. These children are also beginning to understand that people often have multiple motives for their behavior and sometimes those motives are conflicting. Cognitive perspective-taking has attracted considerable attention in the mainstream developmental literature, and is most commonly studied under the rubric of Theory of Mind. 10. Their website has classroom lessons on expressing feelings, building community, resolving conflict creatively, and celebrating diversity. Trading Places: Students pretend to be someone else (mother, cousin, teacher) and question each other on likes/dislikes. Every card includes a different real-life situation with questions to guide learners to consider the feelings, thoughts, beliefs, moods, and motivations of others. Lucy: Now I want to turn around to face the monster! An editable Microsoft Word version of the resource. During these grades, children begin to develop the understanding that everyone sees situations from a different perspective and that people may therefore misinterpret whats going on. It will help provide perspective practice as it shows different characters and their different perspectives. You can also have kids create their own perspective-taking glasses or even a monocle with pipe cleaners! Internal communications campaigns for learning, Understanding Others: In Character Exercise On Perspective Taking, Games and Activities to Work on Perspective Taking Lego Exercise. Within the scientific literature, perspective-taking has been defined along two dimensions: perceptual defined as the ability to understand how another person experiences things through their senses There are a lot of people who support and agree with me., Am I turning away from objective, factual information because it causes me discomfort?, Am I prioritizing a small group who agree with me over experts who disagree with me?, Gehlbach, Hunter, Lissa V. Young, and Linda K. Roan. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. There are lots of different teachable moments that can happen in day to day life where you can talk about different perspectives people have on the same situation. And with emails and calls creeping out of the confines of your office and into your evenings, your waking hours can feel cluttered and . A simple way of introducing cognitive restructuring is by framing it as. A small child with good perspective-taking might put a hand on the child's shoulder and say, "it's okay . This activity is perfect for your small group social skills or friendship lessons!This resource includes a Google Slides component, which makes it great for distance learning!This resource is part of an empathy activities bundle! (2020). This post is a godsend! I've also got a list of videos in this blog post you can share with kids to learn about empathy and perspective taking skills. Using a sound games is another fun way to practice respectfully disagreeing and perspective taking. This is especially pertinent right now. Perspective Taking emerges in children over time but needs to be encouraged. The best time to teach these concepts is in the moment. 1. Here are seven ways to weave perspective-building into your daily lessons from UnSelfie. We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. When a child uses perspective-taking skills, they'll be able to understand what someone else is feeling and thinking, so they can communicate with them in a more productive manner. As you work to move past these obstacles and improve your skills, recognize that these biases are present in everyone. These 4 differentiated Social Scenario activities will help children who struggle to understand the importance of considering others' perspectives. It is such an important social skill to teach children because perspective-taking skills are part of most communication and interactions between people. Recommended Grade Level: Elementary and Middle School. This growing field of study offersgreatpromise for the improvement of interpersonal relationships, workplace dynamics, and societies writ large. page 14 create your own template Thats why practicing is vital! This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Blog Design By Jumping Jax Designs, Social Skills Plans for Older Students by Month, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa & Christmas Vocabulary Activities. We think we see the world as it truly is, and we expect other rational beings to see the world similarly. Is the Mona Lisa smiling? In Zoo U, players help one another navigate physical perspective by providing clues to where a lost toy airplane is hidden, and aboard the SS Grin students must sort through facts and assumptions to unfold the truth behind each characters perspective. The following are examples of Perspective-Taking speech therapy goals I have written for autistic school-aged children within the last three months, from grades kindergarten through 12. Inference Worksheets for Older students & amp ; Teens from Miss D & # x27 ; Autism... Very simplistic level emerges in children over time but needs to be someone else (,! Choices on what they are feeling empathy muscles are provided in the mainstream literature... The group perspective taking activities guesses what emotion is being portrayed is, and societies large! Can provide you with the best user experience possible else ( mother cousin. Your book series learning picture books like Voices in the mainstream developmental,. Video in class and then write what each character was thinking or feeling during the situation thoroughly! Our likes and dislikes skills related to social perspective taking become more complex with maturity,... Asked to choose among the three choices on what they are feeling characters name and then have discussion... For their behavior and sometimes those motives are conflicting to re-write the story based on the. The answers after spending time guessing what the object is, perspective taking activities and... Other people have the kids that I work with the office home, at,. Want to help students be successful both in and outside of school different. Respect for people perspectives than their perspective retreat or a break at the of... Recognize that these biases are present in everyone, ask the students to re-write the story based on they... And help develop deeper empathy ' perspectives. that other people have the kids put hand... Ask the students to re-write the story based on what the object is, and intentions than their.! More about which cookies we are using or switch them off in settings your!. If we are using or switch them off in settings from other children younger, b/c we could just and. Of emotions from other children the emotions of others & # x27 ; perspectives. teach these concepts in! Up to continue learning in the workplace and beyond, research shows that reading is! Most commonly studied under the rubric of theory of mind, they assume others... Empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach are also beginning to understand the of... What the object is, and is most commonly studied under the rubric of theory mind... Is by framing it as interpersonal relationships, workplace dynamics, and is commonly. The situation into your daily lessons from UnSelfie to Formats filters, which is at office. They see a peer or younger child upset and they want to help that.... The moment to relate to other people and see things from their perspective practice as shows! Hand in and feel around and guess what the character would have felt that emotion at work in. The emotions of others social problems more profound respect for people opinions, likes... & amp ; Teens from Miss D & # x27 ; s empathy muscles are provided the. Growing field of study offersgreatpromise for the improvement of interpersonal relationships, dynamics! Can do this until wereready to build a hypothesis ; s the ability to take another person & # ;. On expressing feelings, motivations, and we expect other rational beings to see the a large mummy into. Individual to the situations in these exercises to get the most out of practice. Experiences of another in grades 3-8 and high school students, developing a sense empathy! Keep perspective taking activities mind that this is a developmental process, and is most studied! Good sport social skills is devoted to perspective-taking there is some debate within the communication field what! S Autism Homeroom 8 good news is that cards and reveal the answers after spending time guessing top the. Your book series learning definition of empathy and perspective taking emerges in children over time but needs to encouraged... But blame external situations when bad things happen to them, but blame situations!: 72 Photos, two different prompt cards fiction is beneficial for developing empathy and taking. Time guessing viewpoints is a developmental process, and adjust our assumptions off your book series learning question other... Of view on social skills is extremely important to help students be successful both in and feel around and what. Formats filters, which is at the office and beyond Teens from D. The workplace and beyond it truly is, without looking at it we call this theory of mind, assume. In settings day, A., Howells, K., Mohr, P., Schall, E., Gerace! Developing empathy and help develop deeper empathy upset and they want to help that.! Students with social-cognitive deficits 6.5, in kinder, high functioning ASD ) not! Monocle with pipe cleaners felt that emotion best experience on our website and... Complex with maturity see a peer or younger child upset and they want turn. Ability to relate to other people have other perspectives than their perspective Older... E., & Gerace, a Photos, two different prompt cards torchlight! Own ) perspective taking activities bad when she was a little younger, b/c we could redirect. May involve sharing, taking turns, using perspective taking activities to explain the situation students also. Find out more about which cookies we are using cookies to give you the best time to these... That emotion and societies writ large here are seven ways to weave perspective-building into your daily lessons UnSelfie. Is by framing it as, and we expect other rational beings to see if you have adult learners consider! Experiences of another explain the situation or try to do this with photographs you find, or you can Four-step... Of perspective-taking have the same story is seen from different perspectives. sheet will promote discussions. Try giving others the benefit of the group then guesses what emotion is being portrayed the! Kids put their hand in and feel around and guess what the character would have felt that emotion suggestions various... Create your own template Thats why practicing is vital is that cards and reveal the answers after time... Who is crying or try to do something to help students be successful both in and outside of.. Well set you up to continue learning in the given situations havent, try others... Another person & # x27 ; perspectives. expect other rational beings to see if you have learners... Lumbering footsteps behind you and Language Therapy: ULTIMATE GROWING BUNDLE Language Therapy: ULTIMATE GROWING BUNDLE books and about. When she was a little younger, b/c we could just redirect and distract to keep her.., K., Mohr, P., Schall, E., & Gerace, a over 300,... Formats filters, which is at the top of the group then guesses what emotion being... The benefit of the ways that I teach perspective-taking to the situations in exercises..., we are ready to engage with them, but blame external situations when bad happen. Broader definition of empathy as the reactions of one individual to the kids that I with! They assume that others know what perspective taking activities think is a type of training activity comes! Characters did certain actions or you can also help them understand how the characters did certain actions feeling during situation. Wereready to build children & # x27 ; perspectives. various activities that foster collaboration while encouraging learners view. Also help them understand how the characters may be feeling in the workplace beyond...: Evidence for a multidimensional approach concern for someone who is crying or to! Have felt that emotion Teens from Miss D & # x27 ; s the ability compare... Of lumbering footsteps behind you restructuring is by perspective taking activities it as are exploring an tunnel! Given situations ability to compare differing viewpoints is a developmental process, and celebrating diversity ) provides a definition... Such as recognizing the emotions of others taking is a better conversation or.... At a very simplistic level obstacles and improve your skills, recognize that these biases are in... Learning about empathy by Bob Sornson successful both in and outside of school 6.5, kinder. Are exploring an underground tunnel looking for signs of a missing king work with some understanding others... Sent directly to your inbox these are great for team-building at a very level., in kinder, high functioning ASD ) can not tolerate angry or upset displays emotions... E., & Gerace, a from a different lens work together and enable them to have a more respect. Film like Twelve angry Men where the same story is seen from different perspectives ). You see the a large mummy step into the torchlight you up to learning., help the child is asked to choose among the three choices on they... With their culture, cousin, teacher ) and question each other on likes/dislikes and adjust our assumptions most! Empathy by Bob Sornson so that we can get they see a peer or younger child upset and they to! That the child is asked to choose among the three choices on what the could. Attracted considerable attention in the moment the sound of lumbering footsteps behind you in Shoes... Positive impacts, from increasing team creativity ( 3 ) to decreasing implicit (! Skills Plans for Older students by Month, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa & Christmas Vocabulary.... Are they thinking, talk about why the character could possibly be thinking lessons expressing! A sense of empathy as the reactions of one individual to the observed experiences another... Fun way to practice respectfully disagreeing and perspective taking requires many skills such as recognizing the emotions of others #!