She conceived, brought forth and nourished Christ. He remains indeed in the bosom of the Church, but, as it were, only in a "bodily" manner and not "in his heart. (29*) This same collegiate power can be exercised together with the pope by the bishops living in all parts of the world, provided that the head of the college calls them to collegiate action, or at least approves of or freely accepts the united action of the scattered bishops, so that it is thereby made a collegiate act. That is to say that, instead of emphasizing the vertical line of control, Lumen Gentium emphasizes a horizontal line where the "People of God" are made important (O'Malley 174). 41. (3) Cfr. (6*) Among those various ministries which, according to tradition, were exercised in the Church from the earliest times, the chief place belongs to the office of those who, appointed to the episcopate, by a succession running from the beginning,(7*) are passers-on of the apostolic seed. (56) Also, in the building up of Christ's Body various members and functions have their part to play. Encycl. Trid., Sess. 633-636; Denz. 896: ASS 28 (1895-96) p. 732. Iur. (6) Cfr. Nic.-Const. They continually stir up the fervor of charity. For the discharging of such great duties, the apostles were enriched by Christ with a special outpouring of the Holy Spirit coming upon them,(154) and they passed on this spiritual gift to their helpers by the imposition of hands,(155) and it has been transmitted down to us in Episcopal consecration. Vat. It was passed by 2,151 votes to 5 of present bishops. Mystici Corporis, 29 iun. (4) Cfr. (11*) In the lives of those who, sharing in our humanity, are however more perfectly transformed into the image of Christ,(275) God vividly manifests His presence and His face to men. (27) Cfr. Encycl. (9) Cfr. 184, a. (62) Cfr. Lumen Gentium holds a central place among council documents and has been received by the Church with nearly universal acclaim. (8*) However, let the shepherds respectfully acknowledge that just freedom which belongs to everyone in this earthly city. In this manner, they offer all men the example of unwearying and generous love; in this way they build up the brotherhood of charity; in so doing, they stand as the witnesses and cooperators in the fruitfulness of Holy Mother Church; by such lives, they are a sign and a participation in that very love, with which Christ loved His Bride and for which He delivered Himself up for her. (19*) Nor does Divine Providence deny the helps necessary for salvation to those who, without blame on their part, have not yet arrived at an explicit knowledge of God and with His grace strive to live a good life. (126) But the plan of salvation also includes those who acknowledge the Creator. Pius XII, Alloc. They conduct themselves as children of the promise, and thus strong in faith and in hope they make the most of the present,(201) and with patience await the glory that is to come. Romanos Pontifices, 8 maii 1881: AAS 13 (1880-81) p. 483. : ibid. Pius XII, Nuntius radioph. (175), 28. Cod. This very diversity of graces, ministries and works gathers the children of God into one, because "all these things are the work of one and the same Spirit".(195). Encycl. Plurimae inseriptione in Catacumbis romanis. (3) Cfr. 3869-72. (10*), In virtue of this catholicity each individual part contributes through its special gifts to the good of the other parts and of the whole Church. (desumpta ex.S. From this arises their duty of working to implant and strengthen the Kingdom of Christ in souls and to extend that Kingdom to every clime. Joined with Christ in the Church and signed with the Holy Spirit "who is the pledge of our inheritance",(245) truly we are called and we are sons of God(246) but we have not yet appeared with Christ in glory,(247) in which we shall be like to God, since we shall see Him as He is. 4:13. (19*), 51. S. Thomas In 4m Sent., d. 45, q. Similarly, by their state in life, religious give splendid and striking testimony that the world cannot be transformed and offered to God without the spirit of the beatitudes. Trid., l. c., Denz. : PL 16, 320. 4. To Him all things are made subject until He subjects Himself and all created things to the Father that God may be all in all. Pius IX itt. Furthermore, it not only witnesses to the fact of a new and eternal life acquired by the redemption of Christ, but it foretells the future resurrection and the glory of the heavenly kingdom. (23) Cfr. Umbratilem, 8 iul. Conc. (4) Cfr. (18*) And the Sacred Council teaches that by Episcopal consecration the fullness of the sacrament of Orders is conferred, that fullness of power, namely, which both in the Church's liturgical practice and in the language of the Fathers of the Church is called the high priesthood, the supreme power of the sacred ministry. vitae spir., c. 18. Lumen Gentium is a powerful reminder to Catholics that the Church is a holy society, with necessary, visible structures that were instituted by Christ Himself. Having set forth the functions of the hierarchy, the Sacred Council gladly turns its attention. They must be prepared to make this profession of faith even in the midst of persecutions, which will never be lacking to the Church, in following the way of the cross. Is 7:14; cf. Deut. The Church itself, by the authority given to it by God, accepts the vows of the newly professed. 2 C (in fine); II-II, q. Funk, 1, p. 156. Dei gcnitricis, Hom. He is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, that in all things He might have the first place. (284) Likewise she is the Virgin who shall conceive and bear a son, whose name will be called Emmanuel. S. Augustinus, Enchir. He directs it with hierarchical and charismatic gifts and adorns it with his fruits. 44, 3; ed. It is also referred to as the "Dogmatic Constitution on the Church." Following the approval by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2,151 to 5, it was promulgated by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964. Any institute of perfection and its individual members may be removed from the jurisdiction of the local Ordinaries by the Supreme Pontiff and subjected to himself alone. Despite the great changes that Vatican II brought to the Church, few people grasp the council's teachings, or are aware of the debates that have taken place in the past four decades regarding the council's authentic reception and implementation To respond to this pressing pastoral reality, distinguished theologian and professor Richard R. Gaillardetz focuses on three of the council's documents . (208) Further, He has shared this power so that serving Christ in their fellow men they might by humility and patience lead their brethren to that King for whom to serve is to reign. 4, 6 s. coll. And this is the infallibility which the Roman Pontiff, the head of the college of bishops, enjoys in virtue of his office, when, as the supreme shepherd and teacher of all the faithful, who confirms his brethren in their faith,(166) by a definitive act he proclaims a doctrine of faith or morals. (11) Leo XIII, Epist. Conc. 1828 ( 3061) . S. Augustinus, Serm. (13) S. Clem. (19*) By her belief and obedience, not knowing man but overshadowed by the Holy Spirit, as the new Eve she brought forth on earth the very Son of the Father, showing an undefiled faith, not in the word of the ancient serpent, but in that of God's messenger. (10*) For this reason, by no weak analogy, it is compared to the mystery of the incarnate Word. (30*) The individual bishops, however, are the visible principle and foundation of unity in their particular churches, (31*) fashioned after the model of the universal Church, in and from which churches comes into being the one and only Catholic Church. original document, nor is it a "translation" of Lumen Gentium. d Decentium: PL 20, 554 A; sansi 3, 1029; Denz. S. Bonaventura, Opusc. And he is always free to exercise this power. Tridentinum Sess. Vat.II, Const. 42. S.Augustinus, In lo. Rather has it pleased Him to bring men together as one people, a people which acknowledges Him in truth and serves Him in holiness. 1, 6-7, ut demonstret Ordinem esse verum sacramentum: Denz. By reason of it, the Catholic Church strives constantly and with due effect to bring all humanity and all its possessions back to its source In Christ, with Him as its head and united in His Spirit. 21:14; Mt. Chapter I - The Mystery of the Church 1. (11) Cfr. (269)(3*) For after they have been received into their heavenly home and are present to the Lord,(270) through Him and with Him and in Him they do not cease to intercede with the Father for us,(4*) showing forth the merits which they won on earth through the one Mediator between God and man,(271) serving God in all things and filling up in their flesh those things which are lacking of the sufferings of Christ for His Body which is the Church. This union is experienced and continually maintained through the Eucharist. Paulus VI, 1. c., pp. In it, the bishops, faithfully recognizing the primacy and pre-eminence of their head, exercise their own authority for the good of their own faithful, and indeed of the whole Church, the Holy Spirit supporting its organic structure and harmony with moderation. S. Ignatius M., Smyrn 8, 1: ed. It knows it through unfailing experience of it and commends it to the hearts of the faithful, so that encouraged by this maternal help they may the more intimately adhere to the Mediator and Redeemer. http://riceschool.orgThis video gives a brief overview of this document from Vatican II. 2 in dorm. There are also those who . (94) So it is that that messianic people, although it does not actually include all men, and at times may look like a small flock, is nonetheless a lasting and sure seed of unity, hope and salvation for the whole human race. Ordinis, cap. (3*) They likewise exercise that priesthood in receiving the sacraments, in prayer and thanksgiving, in the witness of a holy life, and by self-denial and active charity. 3; Trall. 49. The Church does not hesitate to profess this subordinate role of Mary. 63, a. Pius XI, Litt. He therefore chose the race of Israel as a people unto Himself. 22, 21: PL 22, 408. XV, et Adnot. 21 November, 1964. (22*) Therefore it pertains to the bishops to admit newly elected members into the Episcopal body by means of the sacrament of Orders. He it is who brings together the whole Church and each and every one of those who believe, and who is the well-spring of their unity in the teaching of the apostles and in fellowship, in the breaking of bread and in prayers. Constitutiones Apostolorum, 8, 28, 4: ed. Tertull., Praescr. III, de utilitate chrismatis: PG 150, 569-580. 840 (1580). This is so even at the very beginning, when at the marriage feast of Cana, moved with pity, she brought about by her intercession the beginning of miracles of Jesus the Messiah. Wherefore this people, while remaining one and only one, is to be spread throughout the whole world and must exist in all ages, so that the decree of God's will may be fulfilled. 3913 ss. 7. Officii, De magne tismi abusu, 4 aug. 1856: AAS (1865) pp. 3: Denz. They are, by reason of the knowledge, competence or outstanding ability which they may enjoy, permitted and sometimes even obliged to express their opinion on those things which concern the good of the Church (7*). The people of God have no lasting city here below, but look forward to one that is to come. omnium diaconus factus .. Cfr. (22) Cfr. The following is an excerpt from: . Summary of Lumen Gentium - Dogmatic Constitution of the Church by Deacon Ed Sheffer; ACSJC SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION GUIDE: . X, 14: PG 14 127S B. S. Augustinus, De S. Viginitate, 15, 15: PL 40, 403. Quadragesimo anno 15 maii 1931: AAS 23 (1931) p. 121 s. Pius XII, Alloc. For their pastors know how much the laity contribute to the welfare of the entire Church. Cfr. In this way the world may be permeated by the spirit of Christ and it may more effectively fulfill its purpose in justice, charity and peace. It is evident from this that the norms approved by the supreme authority must always be observed. (37*) This variety of local churches with one common aspiration is splendid evidence of the catholicity of the undivided Church. Paschasius Radb., In Matth. Pius XII Litt. (29), The Church is a piece of land to be cultivated, the tillage of God. The reason for this was and is that perfect continency for the love of God is an incentive to charity, and is certainly a particular source of spiritual fecundity in the world. (26) S. Cyprianus, Epist. Indeed, they should imitate by their lively charity, in their joyous hope and by their voluntary sharing of each others' burdens, the very Christ who plied His hands with carpenter's tools and Who in union with His Father, is continually working for the salvation of all men. In this kingdom creation itself will be delivered from its slavery to corruption into the freedom of the glory of the sons of God. 25. S. Thomas, Summa Theol. Vatican II document, Lumen Gentium . "(15*) For every genuine testimony of love shown by us to those in heaven, by its very nature tends toward and terminates in Christ who is the "crown of all saints,"(16*) and through Him, in God Who is wonderful in his saints and is magnified in them. For where Christianity pervades the entire mode of family life, and gradually transforms it, one will find there both the practice and an excellent school of the lay apostolate. The Golden Anniversary: A Summary of the Vatican II Documents. (55), As all the members of the human body, though they are many, form one body, so also are the faithful in Christ. Due to the special circumstances of our time the foundations of this doctrine must be more thoroughly examined. (44*), But when either the Roman Pontiff or the Body of Bishops together with him defines a judgment, they pronounce it in accordance with Revelation itself, which all are obliged to abide by and be in conformity with, that is, the Revelation which as written or orally handed down is transmitted in its entirety through the legitimate succession of bishops and especially in care of the Roman Pontiff himself, and which under the guiding light of the Spirit of truth is religiously preserved and faithfully expounded in the Church. 26. This inauguration and this growth are both symbolized by the blood and water which flowed from the open side of a crucified Jesus,(5) and are foretold in the words of the Lord referring to His death on the Cross: "And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all things to myself". These pastors, chosen to shepherd the Lord's flock of the elect, are servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God,(151) to whom has been assigned the bearing of witness to the Gospel of the grace of God,(152) and the ministration of the Spirit and of justice in glory.(153). 12, 15: PG 33, 741 AB. 188, a. Funk, I, p. 154 s. (7) Cfr. S. Thomas Summa Theol. The laity are gathered together in the People of God and make up the Body of Christ under one head. For this reason, in reply to Modus 12 it is expressly said of the Twelve that the Lord set them up "as a college or stable group." They also know that they were not ordained by Christ to take upon themselves alone the entire salvific mission of the Church toward the world. For besides intimately linking them to His life and His mission, He also gives them a sharing in His priestly function of offering spiritual worship for the glory of God and the salvation of men. Leo XIII, Epist. 8, a. But they are by reason of their particular vocation especially and professedly ordained to the sacred ministry. (227) But, God pours out his love into our hearts through the Holy Spirit, Who has been given to us;(228) thus the first and most necessary gift is love, by which we love God above all things and our neighbor because of God. He does this not only through the hierarchy who teach in His name and with His authority, but also through the laity whom He made His witnesses and to whom He gave understanding of the faith (sensu fidei) and an attractiveness in speech(200) so that the power of the Gospel might shine forth in their daily social and family life. (10*), Bishops, therefore, with their helpers, the priests and deacons, have taken up the service of the community, (11*) presiding in place of God over the flock,(12*) whose shepherds they are, as teachers for doctrine, priests for sacred worship, and ministers for governing. Mystici Corporis, 1. c., pp. This religious submission of mind and will must be shown in a special way to the authentic magisterium of the Roman Pontiff, even when he is not speaking ex cathedra; that is, it must be shown in such a way that his supreme magisterium is acknowledged with reverence, the judgments made by him are sincerely adhered to, according to his manifest mind and will. Act. (142) And in this mission they were fully confirmed on the day of Pentecost(143) in accordance with the Lord's promise: "You shall receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you, and you shall be witnesses for me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and in Samaria, and even to the very ends of the earth". 47. 23, ecr. : Ed. For all the salvific influence of the Blessed Virgin on men originates, not from some inner necessity, but from the divine pleasure. 16:13) and unifying her in communion and in the works of ministry, he bestows upon her varied hierarchic and charismatic gifts, and in . (42) Cfr. The lay apostolate, however, is a participation in the salvific mission of the Church itself. (58) Benedictus XIV, Br. By Vivian Boland O.P. To these were soon added also those who had more closely imitated Christ's virginity and poverty,(8*) and finally others whom the outstanding practice of the Christian virtues (9*) and the divine charisms recommended to the pious devotion and imitation of the faithful.(10*). "(9*), 57. 290-292 et 372 ss. - S. Germanus Constantinop., in S. Dei gen. dorm. Because this is so, this Sacred Synod gathered together in the Holy Spirit eagerly desires, by proclaiming the Gospel to every creature,(1) to bring the light of Christ to all men, a light brightly visible on the countenance of the Church. (14) Cfr. Encycl. Modus 40 and the statements on canonical mission (n. 24). (66) Cfr. The Father of mercies willed that the incarnation should be preceded by the acceptance of her who was predestined to be the mother of His Son, so that just as a woman contributed to death, so also a woman should contribute to life. luris pro Eccl. This determination of power can consist in the granting of a particular office or in the allotment of subjects, and it is done according to the norms approved by the supreme authority. (23*) Following the study of Sacred Scripture, the Holy Fathers, the doctors and liturgy of the Church, and under the guidance of the Church's magisterium, let them rightly illustrate the duties and privileges of the Blessed Virgin which always look to Christ, the source of all truth, sanctity and piety. V, 23-24: GCS 11, 1, p. 488 ss. (234) Because the disciples must always offer an imitation of and a testimony to the charity and humility of Christ, Mother Church rejoices at finding within her bosom men and women who very closely follow their Saviour who debased Himself to our comprehension. (6*) They participate in the grace of their office and they should grow daily in their love of God and their neighbor by the exercise of their office through Christ, the eternal and unique Mediator. For we must all "practice the truth in love, and so grow up in all things in Him who is head, Christ. - S. Cyrillus Hieros., Catech. 44, 2; ed. Hom. Attentively in Christ, let them consider with fatherly love the projects, suggestions and desires proposed by the laity. Since, like Paul the Apostle, he is debtor to all men, let him be ready to preach the Gospel to all,(174) and to urge his faithful to apostolic and missionary activity. Conc. 4. Palladius, Historia Lausiaca: PG 34, 995 ss. Et sane, 17 dec. 1888: ASS 21 (1888) p. 321 s. (18) Conc. PL 194, 1863 A. . (40) John contemplates this holy city coming down from heaven at the renewal of the world as a bride made ready and adorned for her husband. S. Irenaeus, Adv. Pius XII, Litt. Hom. Rev. Encycl : Mediator Dei: AAS 39 (1947) p . (80) Similarly, the Church encompasses with love all who are afflicted with human suffering and in the poor and afflicted sees the image of its poor and suffering Founder. 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