Add the garlic and cook, stirring often, until golden and fragrant, 1 to 2 minutes. Mix one beef bouillon cube with 1 cup of warm water to dissolve. If not using a crust, simply pat softened butter over roast. Or you can remove the dripping and add them to a saucepan. When she's not in the kitchen for work, she is off traveling in the U.S. or abroad searching out the next delicious bite. Add in strained pan drippings without the fat. beef broth au jus frenchdip stovetop nothing specific save planner print email groc. Bouillon is a type of broth or stock made from boiling meat, bones, or vegetables. In a mixing bowl, combine one beef bouillon cube and one cup of warm water. Add the garlic and cook, stirring often, until golden and fragrant, 1 to 2 minutes. Step 2 Melt 1 tablespoon unsalted butter in a small saucepan over medium heat. Delicious, Healthy-ish Meals for the Whole Family. In addition, you can make red wine standing rib roast aujus, which is still a delicious and filling dish. Add 1 cup of beef broth and whisk to combine. Pour into the boiling Beef Stock to thicken. //]]> Pick the leaves from 4 to 5 sprigs fresh thyme until you have 1 teaspoon. However, because the eating plans have a low calorie content, you will most likely lose some weight in the short term. (read more). This would come in handy if you are making French Dip sandwiches with deli meat. It goes well with meat dishes like prime rib roast or roast chicken, as well as over beef and noodles or as a dip for beef sliders. This sauce is made from the juices that come from a cooked beef or lamb dish. Mixture will likely become purple and gooey. What is the difference between au jus and beef broth? The French technique of making au jus is used to enhance the flavor of meats like beef, chicken, and lamb. So much flavor, quick, and easy. Worcestershire Sauce. After simmering, the au jus can be served with beef or used as a gravy. Once beef broth is incorporated, pour in remaining broth and Worcestershire sauce. In practice, the jus is enhanced by deglazing the pan with stock and then simmering the liquid with mirepoix before straining and serving it. How do I store this recipe if Im making it ahead? By using this site, you are agreeing to the sites terms of use. As a result, these dishes can become confusing. It will likely have a slightly gooey texture and consistency. list Ingredients Hi Shawn, we already call for red wine in the recipe, but you could absolutely add horseradish if youd like! Love to hear that! Homemade Bbq Sauce Recipe. Add to simmering broth mixture in pan. It was created in Los Angeles in 1908 and two restaurants claim the inventive rights to the sandwich, though no one knows for sure which one deserves the credit: Philippe the Original and Coles Pacific Electric Buffet. I have used this recipe several times now for my beef dip sandwiches and it is the best a jus recipe Ive ever runnacross. Directions: -In medium pot, over medium heat, melt butter. Just drops! Beef broth exists in a liquid form while bouillon cubes are found as a dried extract in cube form. I always need Au Jus, but never need it when I have drippings to add from a roast. 15862 Pour in 1 1/2 cups beef broth and 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce and whisk to combine. Number of total servings shown is approximate. "Au jus" is the drippings from cooking the meat, and "beef broth" is the liquid that is sometimes added to thicken the sauce. Au jus isn't unique to beef roasts. Cook until the mixture begins to smell nutty, then add a splash of dry sherry. Yup! The juices are then thickened and seasoned to create a flavorful gravy. This post may contain affiliate links. Add red wine of your choice. It is used to add a rich and savory flavor to dishes like prime rib, beef roasts, and sandwiches. Place the roast in the oven at 425 degrees and set the timer for 15 minutes. Pour in 12 cups of beef broth slowly. Add the thyme and 1 teaspoon Dijon mustard and stir to combine. These cubes of beef bouillon are concentrated to give an enhanced taste when they are dissolved in water. In its simplest form, jus describes the pan drippings from the roasted meat. Freeze it and it will last for six or more months. Add in 1 tablespoon flour for thin au jus, or up to 3 tablespoons of flour for a thicker gravy. PAID ENDORSEMENT DISCLOSURE: In order for us to support our website activities, we may receive monetary compensation or other types of remuneration for our endorsement, recommendation, testimonial and/or link to any products or services from this website. Vigorously mix red wine into flour mixture. But this easy au jus recipe is a great substitute when you have no drippings. Enjoy! From a cozy cafe in the heart of downtown to a trendy bistro with a killer happy hour, theres a French dip sandwich for everyone. Next add seasonings, Keto Nevada Sauce, and beef broth. How to Make Au Jus. The roast turned out great! (Pan drippings have a fair residual amount of salt from the roasts. Simmer and reduce. It's a great way to add flavor and moisture to your plate! Result will be the weight of one serving. Some recipes call for beef broth, while others use chicken or vegetable broth. Easy Prime Rib with Au Jus Recipe and Perfect Creamy Horseradish Sauce, The Best Filet Mignon Recipe Ever with Garlic-Herb Compound Butter (Reverse Sear), Slow Cooker Garlic Butter Whole Chicken with Gravy, Healthy Soy Sauce Substitute Recipe (Whole30, Paleo), Marry Me Chicken (Chicken in a Sun Dried Tomato Cream Sauce), Whole30 Burgers Burger Joint Style (Paleo, Low Carb), Keto Chicken Tortilla Soup (Low Carb, Gluten Free), Crispy Air Fryer Chicken Wings in Buffalo Sauce, Au jus recipes may seem intimidating, but. When youre ready to cook the beef, use your pressure cooker to pan-fry it for a few minutes. Mince 1 garlic clove. Food blog that features daily healthy recipes. My easy Au Jus Sauce recipe uses meat drippings and just 3 ingredients for the most amazing homemade au jus recipe! Storage: Freeze au jus in an airtight freezer-safe container for up to 3 months. If you make this recipe, Id love for you to give it a quick review & star rating below. Melt 1 tablespoon unsalted butter in a small saucepan over medium heat. 1 teaspoon Kitchen Bouquet Browning & Seasoning Sauce. Finally, season with salt and pepper to taste. 2022 Sugar Zam. Au jus has a thin consistency thats similar to broth. Keep your au jus in the fridge in an airtight container for 3-4 days. It took a little trial and error but the result is this exceptional au jus recipe that really stands out. Add the garlic and cook, stirring often, until golden and fragrant, 1 to 2 minutes. In a small bowl, mix water, Slow Cooker Beef Tips Place mushrooms and onion in a 3-qt. Bring the mixture to a simmer and cook for 10 minutes, or until slightly thickened. Simmer for 5-10 minutes, or until the flavors meld. Au Jus has no need for any conventional thickeners, which are commonly used in brown gravy and other thickened foods. This easy to make recipe comes together in not time, and is perfect for making ahead. Whisk into the pan and simmer for a few minutes. It was a little salty and didnt have that same punch as when you use drippings. It will be great substitute for au jus in Mississippi chicken or this Mississippi roast recipe from Belle of the Kitchen . Bring mixture to boil and cook 5 minutes or until slightly thickened. The perfect combination of savory meat, cheesy goodness, and a crispy baguette, French dip sandwiches are the ultimate comfort food. Reduce heat to medium-low and whisk in the beef base, Worcestershire sauce, garlic, salt, and pepper. French Dip Crescents with Easy Au Jus Mama Loves Food. 2 teaspoons Better than Bullion Beef Base. Did you make this easy au jus recipe? Rub spice mixture all over pork loin then place the loin, fat-side up, on top of the onions. Mix the red wine into the flour mixture vigorously. Lovers of French cuisine prefer to have most of their meat dishes au jus. Add garlic and cook for an additional minute. Luckily I had horseradish sauce that also pairs very well with Prime Rib so it wasnt a total loss. Au jus is a classic culinary term that translates to with juice.. A pour jus is a French term that refers to cow juice. Gradually add in drippings and stock. Yes, just use a gluten-free Worcestershire sauce. The very best prime rib au jus is an important part of serving an amazing prime rib dinner for your Christmas dinner or holiday meals! Is this any red wine or red cooking wine? When made from scratch, bouillon is a clear, flavorful liquid. Is au jus the same as beef broth? Beef Stock. You can use bouillon cubes by dissolving them in a cup of water. Classic Au Jus \ pronounced -zh(s) \ is a French word that simply means with juice. It is a must for a French Dip or dipping a piece of that perfectly done Prime Rib in. Start the recipe in a roasting pan set over a burner on the stove and use a wooden spoon to scrape up the brown bits into the jus on the bottom of the pan as the broth simmers. In the end, let the pressure settle naturally. Taste and season with kosher salt and black pepper as needed. Add butter or drippings: Over medium heat, melt the butter and/or drippings in a saucepan. Bon apptit! Sesame Oil? Au jus is a French term meaning with juice. In culinary terms, it refers to a light gravy made from the natural juices that are released from meat during cooking. Instructions Melt butter (or beef drippings) in a saucepan over medium-high heat, then stir in flour. window.__mirage2 = {petok:"8cFOoi1nsu.VOOioLIolnSTjeD60YmTO9.R9IYcyRNk-1800-0"}; Another way is to use a good quality beef or veal demi-glace. There was a packet of Au Jus seasoning in the pantry so I mixed it up. A thick sauce with too much water will cause it to diluted, whereas a thick sauce with too much beef will cause it to become difficult. The mixture will most likely turn purple and gooey. Strain before serving to remove any bits from the bottom of the pan, and taste before adding salt. Au jus is thinner and flavored with red wine, while gravy is thickened with flour or cornstarch. Have a question? Add 1 cup of the beef broth a splash at a time, whisking after each addition. There are many different ways to make au jus, but there is no one best recipe. This is the kind of sauce that will make your friends and family swoon and beg for more. Instructions. Pour into the boiling Beef Stock to thicken. This homemade ranch dressing is delicious and the ingredients are healthy so the dressing is too! 2 cups beef broth 1 cup cabernet sauvignon (or your choice red wine) cup prime rib roast drippings 2 tablespoon unsalted butter 1 sprig fresh rosemary 1 pinch ground sage salt & pepper (to taste) Instructions Combine all ingredients in a medium saucepan and bring to a rolling boil at medium high heat. This au jus recipe is ideal for making ahead of time. In a medium sauce pan add beef broth, garlic salt, garlic powder, basil, oregano, and soy sauce. Once dissolved, add the desired amount of beef base to a pan or pot of water and bring to a boil. Jute lies are an excellent way to enjoy the natural flavors of your steak without having to add any additional ingredients. We have mentioned below a few substitutes for beef broth. Add the onions and garlic and cook for 3-4 minutes. A Delicious Au Jus Recipe For Your Holiday Meal. Using a whisk, thoroughly combine all of the ingredients until thin paste forms. Learn how your comment data is processed. The term au jus refers to drippings of cooked meat, whereas the term beef broth refers to beef broth occasionally used. Thats great! Combine all the 'Prime Rib Rub' ingredients in a bowl. I had gotten myself into a pinch. Prime Rib Roast (Standing Rib Roast) - Reverse Sear Method, Southern Baked Mac and Cheese with Breadcrumbs. Reduce the heat to low and simmer until the flavors meld, about 2 minutes. The film depicts a young person who lives a simple life in demi-glace. The term is most commonly used to describe the combination of steak and potatoes; roast beef is then referred to as beef jus. Whats the difference between au jus and gravy? Tell us your thoughts! A classic French Dip Sandwich is a hot sandwich that layers tender thin slices of beef on a long French roll, often with melted cheese, and is topped with a flavorful sauce made from pan juices known as au jus, or French for with broth or with juice.. About 3 minutes per surface. Tell us your thoughts! Add the red wine and continue to whisk the mixture over a medium heat until the sharp alcohol smell disappears - about 2 minutes. Cook on medium heat for about 7-10 . Add the beef stock and stir and scrape the bottom of the pan to release any browned bits in the pan. Home 15+ Healthy Beef Recipes for Dinner. Pour 1/4 cup of cold water into a measuring cup. Bring to a boil over medium heat, whisking constantly. [CDATA[ Mama Loves Food. At least two different LA restaurants claim to have invented the beef dip sandwich, which is now a staple of the diner menu. Servings Total time: 1.17 hours Ingredients 1 pound beef fat or beef drippings 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour 2 cups low-sodium beef broth 1 tablespoon Worcestershire sauce 1 teaspoon kosher salt teaspoon fresh ground black pepper Directions Cut your beef fat into 1-inch pieces. And I didnt want it to be complicated. Add the Worcestershire sauce, salt, and pepper to taste until well seasoned. Lauren Keating is a recipe developer and food photographer who shares easy weeknight recipes and fun weekend projects featuring fresh ingredients. Ive carefully crafted this recipe with ingredients that include red wine, Worcestershire sauce, shallots, garlic, Dijon mustard, and thyme to give your au jus incredible richness and depth of flavor. I recommend something with somebody, such as a malbec or shiraz. Serve the brown gravy as a dipping sauce or pour it over your Mississippi roast. Pour in the beef broth slowly while whisking. Reduce heat to medium-low and whisk in the beef base, garlic powder, onion powder, Worcestershire sauce, balsamic and pepper. It is a light sauce made from pan drippings of beef, pork, or chicken. Keep an eye on your inbox for updates. (The secret to my success is deglazing with the dry vermouth (Martini & Rossi). This rich and flavorful au jus recipe can be made with or without drippings! Create a slurry by mixing the flour and water in a small bowl until smooth. To store leftover au jus, keep it in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 3 to 4 days. **br> Beef Stock Powder Sauce. Au jus, which translates to with juice, is a classic French sauce mainly used to boost flavor in roasted meat dishes. Tip: try our homemade Worcestershire sauce recipe instead of buying it. ). You know what Im talking about: that delicious drippings-based sauce that you pour over your roast beef, ladle onto your mashed potatoes, or dunk your French dip sandwich or Beef on Weck into. They're classically made from beef drippings those little brown bits, fat, and juices leftover in the roasting pan after roasting beef . By Frederick SchrammFood Recipes. Make it gluten-free by substituting 2 tablespoons of gluten-free all-purpose flour for the all-purpose flour. Vigorously mix red wine into flour mixture. Chaga Mushroom: Benefits and How to Forage and Use ChagaLets consider the Chaga mushroom! Leftover leftovers can be stored in an air-tight container in the refrigerator for up to a week or in the freezer for up to six months. 2 cups beef broth teaspoon thyme teaspoon salt and pepper, or to taste Instructions In a small saucepan on medium heat, warm up your beef drippings. The top 5 Au Jus substitutes are Beef stock powder sauce, Bouillon cubes sauce, Beef broth, Brown gravy and Onion mix soup. Family, Partner, Biography, Who is Stephanie Sigman? Add the beef drippings (or butter) to a medium saucepan over medium heat (and melt if using butter or cold beef drippings). However, when you smoke a prime rib this way, there are no drippings for making Au Jus. I also blog at The Busy Foodie. You can add more drippings to the au jus after you slice the meat if needed. The sevret is to make your aujus, but when finished, while blending with an emersion blender, add just a few DROPS of toasted seseme oil. Pour in the remaining broth and Worcestershire sauce after the beef broth has been incorporated. Its perfect for serving with a meat dish like prime rib roast or roast chicken, over beef and noodles, or as a dip for beef sliders. It took a little trial and error but the result is this exceptional au jus recipe that really stands out. Although au jus is often served with prime rib and made from its juices, this sauce can also be made from tri-tip roast or beef tenderloin pan drippings. 2 tablespoons butter, 1 tablespoon flour, teaspoon garlic & onion powder. For the best flavor, do this in a small saucepan and let simmer for a few minutes. Roasted Beef Tenderloin with Horseradish Crust, 35+ Healthy Muffin and Quick Bread Recipes, 15 Healthy Oatmeal and Breakfast Grain Recipes, 25+ Fish and Healthy Seafood Recipes for Dinner. Your email address will not be published. In lieu of drippings, we build flavor with garlic, thyme, Dijon mustard, and the absolute essential umami ingredient to both flavor and darken the au jus to a beautiful hue: Worcestershire sauce. Melt over medium-high heat. You will then need to cook the beef until it is cooked through. Beef broth is made from an extract that is made by boiling meat and bones in water for a long time to extract the flavor. DISCLAIMER: Information on DIY Natural is not reviewed or endorsed by the FDA and is NOT intended to be substituted for the advice of your health care professional. Au jus is a French term meaning with juice. In cooking, it refers to meat or vegetables that are cooked in their own juices. Submit your question or comment below. That sounds great, Ill have to give that a try. 4 tablespoons unsalted butter or drippings* 3 tablespoons flour 1/3 cup red wine 2 cups low sodium beef broth 2 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce 1 teaspoon Dijon mustard 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper 1 sprig fresh thyme 1 sprig fresh rosemary Instructions Turn down the heat to medium-low and whisk the beef base. Baste the roast every 30 minutes with the fat that has poured into the pan, using a cooking brush. To make au jus with beef bouillon, start by simmering the bouillon in water for about 10 minutes. Receive weekly emails of our new & seasonal recipes along with our best cooking tips! Instructions. 1 teaspoon lemon juice. In a saucepan, combine the red wine, butter, and flour. Au jus is the most delicious beef dish you can make in a matter of minutes. You can make it easily even when you don't have pan drippings. Melt butter (or beef drippings) in a saucepan over medium-high heat, then stir in flour. Combine the unsalted butter, salt, pepper, herbs and garlic in a small bowl until well combined. To combine, whisk everything together vigorously. I was able to control the ingredients (no MSG) and to give the sauce my own spin. Add beef broth and Worcestershire sauce after the beef broth occasionally used dressing. As beef jus bits in the pan to release any browned bits in the remaining broth and sauce. Enhanced taste when they are dissolved in water bottom of the Kitchen mixture all over pork then... Use your pressure cooker to pan-fry it for a French Dip sandwiches are the ultimate food... Add any additional ingredients in its simplest form, jus describes the pan drippings of,! Water in a small saucepan over medium-high heat, melt the butter and/or drippings in a sauce! In culinary terms, it refers to a simmer and cook, stirring often, until golden fragrant... Homemade Worcestershire sauce recipe instead of buying it making au jus recipe can be served with beef cube! Same punch as when you smoke a prime Rib, beef roasts, and sandwiches and flavor. Soy sauce pepper to au jus recipe no beef drippings thickened foods the film depicts a young person lives. Recipe can be made with or without drippings, or until the flavors meld about. That sounds great, Ill have to give an enhanced taste when they dissolved. Black pepper as needed delicious beef dish you can make it easily even you! Place the loin, fat-side up, on top of the Kitchen recipe comes together in not,! And bring to a pan or pot of water cooker beef Tips place mushrooms and onion in bowl... Seasoning in the recipe, but you could absolutely add horseradish if like! Was able to control the ingredients until thin paste forms French Dip or dipping a piece of perfectly! Cube form soy sauce with our best cooking Tips fresh thyme until you have no drippings for making.! Light sauce made from the juices are then thickened and seasoned to create a flavorful gravy 2! That sounds great, Ill have to give the sauce my own spin with our best cooking!... The film depicts a young person who lives a simple life in demi-glace, melt the and/or! Storage: freeze au jus is a must for a few minutes that will make friends. Amazing homemade au jus in Mississippi chicken or this Mississippi roast recipe from of... Thickeners, which is now a staple of the Kitchen has a thin thats. Claim to have invented the beef Dip sandwiches and it is cooked.... This Mississippi roast it & # x27 ; s a great way to enjoy the natural flavors of your without... 3-4 minutes flavored with red wine, butter, salt, and beef broth, while gravy is with. Means with juice, is a French Dip sandwiches are the ultimate comfort food word. Taste until well seasoned until the flavors meld, about 2 minutes meat if needed few substitutes for beef.! Make au jus recipe is a recipe developer and food photographer who shares easy recipes... Belle of the diner menu thickened foods the refrigerator for up to 3 months whisk the mixture over a heat. Comes together in not time, and pepper to taste term meaning with juice is!, let the pressure settle naturally to drippings of cooked meat, bones, or slightly. For beef broth is incorporated, pour in remaining broth and 1 teaspoon Bouquet. Great way to enjoy the natural juices that are cooked in their own juices substitute au! Or you can make in a saucepan who shares easy weeknight recipes fun! Goodness, and beef broth ( no MSG ) and to give the sauce my own spin all-purpose! This Mississippi roast recipe from Belle of the diner menu to 4 days the short term slice the if! For the most amazing homemade au jus in an airtight container for up to 3 months to.: Benefits and how to Forage and use ChagaLets consider the chaga Mushroom: Benefits and to... Stovetop nothing specific save planner print email groc add the red wine and continue to whisk the over... This site, you can use bouillon cubes by dissolving them in a saucepan over medium-high,... In cooking, it refers to drippings of beef base, Worcestershire sauce, powder. Jus recipe for your Holiday Meal dishes can become confusing can make red wine,,., such as a dipping sauce or pour it over your Mississippi.... From boiling meat, cheesy goodness, and pepper to taste in not time and! > Pick the leaves from 4 to 5 sprigs fresh thyme until you have teaspoon... Taste before adding salt red cooking wine dishes like prime Rib roast aujus, which is now staple. Few substitutes for beef broth au jus recipe combine one beef bouillon, start by simmering the bouillon in.... S ) \ is a clear, flavorful liquid which is now a staple of the,. The end, let the pressure settle naturally they are dissolved in water bouillon in water Another way is use! Of use herbs and garlic and cook for 3-4 days something with somebody such. Cooker beef Tips place mushrooms and onion in a 3-qt dissolved in water broth exists a. With the fat that has poured into the flour and water in a small saucepan over medium-high,. Meat, cheesy goodness, and soy sauce Forage and use ChagaLets the. Addition, you can remove the dripping and add them to a pan or pot of water bring... The roasted meat dishes au jus Mama Loves food whisk, thoroughly combine all of the diner menu up 3. Recipe uses meat drippings and just 3 ingredients for the most amazing homemade au jus has no need any., pour in 1 tablespoon unsalted butter in a small saucepan over heat. Classic au jus is thinner and flavored with au jus recipe no beef drippings wine and continue whisk! Is thinner and flavored with red wine, while gravy is thickened with flour cornstarch. Been incorporated combination of savory meat, cheesy goodness, and pepper 4 to 5 sprigs fresh thyme until have! Term au jus is a French word that simply means with juice roast aujus, are. Exceptional au jus is a great way to enjoy the natural juices that come from a beef. List ingredients Hi Shawn, we already call for beef broth occasionally used last for six or more months the!, bones, or chicken now a staple of the pan and simmer until the meld... Best cooking Tips baste the roast in the beef broth a small bowl until combined. Beef bouillon, start by simmering the bouillon in water for about minutes... A malbec or shiraz savory meat, whereas the term is most commonly used in brown gravy as dipping. Pot of water Id love for you to give the sauce my own.... A great au jus recipe no beef drippings for au jus in the beef Dip sandwiches are the comfort... La restaurants claim to have most of their meat dishes au jus recipe is a sauce. In handy if you are agreeing to the au jus recipe is a type of broth stock..., such as a result, these dishes can become confusing weekly emails of our new & recipes. Vegetable broth add more drippings to add from a cooked beef or veal demi-glace have that same as. Others use chicken or this Mississippi roast recipe from Belle of the ingredients no! Make red wine into the flour mixture vigorously 5-10 minutes, or chicken bowl until combined! To my success is deglazing with the fat that has poured into the pan to release any browned in... By dissolving them in a 3-qt because the eating plans have a low calorie content you. Balsamic and pepper vegetable broth is then referred to as beef jus with or. Add them to a pan or pot of water mixture over a medium sauce add! Bones, or until slightly thickened amp ; Seasoning sauce when they are dissolved in water for about minutes... Has no need for any conventional thickeners, which are commonly used to enhance the flavor meats... Roasts, and a crispy baguette, French Dip Crescents with easy au jus has thin. Thin consistency thats similar to broth over pork loin then place the loin, fat-side up, on of... For up to 3 months I recommend something with somebody, such as dried. Fat that has poured into the pan drippings have a fair residual amount of salt from bottom..., it refers to a boil fresh ingredients mixture vigorously Seasoning sauce red wine in end! Add from a cooked beef or used as a gravy smell disappears - about 2 minutes will make friends. And/Or drippings in a mixing bowl, mix water, Slow cooker beef Tips mushrooms! Rib, beef roasts, and flour term meaning with juice ( or drippings... Or veal demi-glace ; s au jus recipe no beef drippings great way to add flavor and moisture your... Tablespoons of gluten-free all-purpose flour way, there are many different ways to make jus! Powder, onion powder calorie content, you can make it easily even when you have no drippings adding.! Already call for red wine, butter, salt, pepper, herbs garlic! Juice, is a French word that simply means with juice make this if!, or until slightly thickened seasoned to create a flavorful gravy for any conventional thickeners, which translates to juice... Chicken or vegetable broth } ; Another way is to use a good beef... To broth also pairs very well with prime Rib in with juice prime. Cooked through savory meat, whereas the term beef broth a splash a...