The Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajkull was considered dormant for almost 200 years, but in 2010 woke up. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found. After the eruption seismicity decreased. Photograph of Galeras Volcano taken from the community of Pasto, Colombia on December 30, 2005 by Jos Camilo Martnez. Volcanoes are most commonly found on tectonic plate boundaries. Peter J. Baxter; Austin Gresham (1997). It was the deadliest eruption in recorded history. Wind direction according to the weather station installed at the top of Galeras, is toward the west coast. [8][9], Then, on February 14, 2009, the volcano erupted around 19:10 (local) (00:10 UTC). Here's a wide variety of interesting facts about volcanoes: The word 'volcano' comes from the Italian word 'vulcano' which means burning mountain. 2. Activity at the volcano is currently low. 2010 Eruption Six volcanologists and three tourists were killed in the crater of Galeras on 14th January 1993. Merapi ("Mountain of Fire") rises to 9,551 feet (2,911 metres) and has steep slopes with dense vegetation on its lower flanks. Your email address will not be published. An explosive eruption occurred at Galeras volcano, Colombia at 9:14 am on 30th September 2009. Colombian authorities also stated that it could remain volatile in the weeks to come. Jessica earned her Bachelor of Science degree from the College of William and Mary, and worked for a year at the American Geological Institute in the Education/Outreach Program. complex stratovolcano 4276 m / 14,029 ft. Colombia, 1.22N / -77.37W. Shield Volcanoes Facts 5: the Hawaiian Islands. On April 10th, 1815, humanity witnessed an eruption that killed over 100,000 in Tambora, Indonesia. The eruption was accompanied by acoustic waves. With 32 volcanic systems in Iceland, there is always something for experts and enthusiasts to watch out for on our volcano tours. Her concentration is in volcanology, and she is currently researching lava dome collapses and pyroclastic flows. Do you know any fun facts about volcanoes? The city of Pasto, with a population of 300,000, is shown in orange near the bottom of the image, just 8 kilometers (5 miles) from the volcano. Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century native people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nario, near the departmental capital Pasto. In addition to the hazards posed by volcanic activity, debris avalanches are also a major concern at Galeras. An eruption can be explosive, sending material high into the sky. We're aiming to achieve uninterrupted service wherever an earthquake or volcano eruption unfolds, and your donations can make it happen! They are enthralling to watch from afar, but when it comes to being within a safe range of a volcano, youre going to need to be a few miles back! Among them, the Galeras volcano located in near Pasto, Columbia is notable for being one of the most frequently active volcanoes. Facts About Galeras The active cone began growing 4,500 years ago, and its eruptive style has been characterized by relatively small Vulcanian explosions. Pasto is located on the eastern slope of the volcano, about 7-11 km from the crater. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 1993 Eruption and Fatalities This was the tenth such eruption of the volcano in the previous year, and the first of 2010. 2005 Eruptions The Hawaiian shield volcanoes are . Here is a look at some of the most interesting tidbits of information. Its peak rises 4,276 metres (14,029ft) above sea level. The natural phenomenon we know as a volcano is named after the Roman God Vulcan, which was heavily featured in the television show American Gods but never appears once in the novel by Neil Gaiman of the same name. Sakurajima (Japanese: , literally "Cherry blossom Island") is an active composite volcano, formerly an island and now a peninsula, in Kagoshima Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan.The lava flows of the 1914 eruption connected it with the sumi Peninsula. There were at least two explosions, and emission of incandescent material, along with a sulphurous smell. Article by Jessica Ball. The volcano sitting below Yellowstone Park in the US could, theoretically, kill billions - five out of eight people on the whole planet could die in its wake! These are the cinder cone volcano, the stratovolcano, and the shield volcano. The recurrence of large debris avalanches would be devastating for Pasto and other communities surrounding the volcano. Its only ever been seen a few hundred times. Activity at a low level has continued at Galeras. When the volcano erupted, the explosion fired up hot ash 50 miles into the air. The local authorities ordered two water treatment plants near Galeras to shut down. conical volcano. Land Learn Sakurajima facts for kids. Current status: normal or dormant (1 out of 5) Last update: 10 Dec 2021. Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century indigenous people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nario, near the departmental capital Pasto. Want to learn more about the most intriguing parts of our planet? 4. The volcanoes in Hawaii are notable due to the large size. 1989 Eruptions The Colombian government has repeatedly ordered evacuations to temporary shelters, of more than 8500people residing in the highest risk areas surrounding the volcano,[5][6] with hopes of eventual assistance toward permanent relocation. There are reports of ash fall in areas of the municipalities of Sandona, Consac and Ancuya, located on the western flank of Galeras. [10] Some 8,000 residents were evacuated, and there were no immediate reports of injuries or serious property damage. Map by Geology.com and MapResources. Located on the planet Mars, Olympus Mons stands at 88,583 ft or more than three times the height of Earth's tallest mountain, Mount Everest. Volcanoes are dangerous: estimated figures say that volcanic activities kill more than 500 people all . Its dominant product is andesite, an igneous rock . In the past fifty years, it had numerous small to medium sized eruptions. "A model of vulcanian eruptions at Galeras volcano, Colombia." The first eruption was on 21st March, and the second eruption on 5th April, The eruptions were preceded by tornillo earthquakes. Small explosions occasionally cause ash to fall on nearby villages and towns. Small debris flows are common in the Cascades, where they form during periods of heavy rainfall, rapid snow melt, and by shallow landsliding. Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. The volcanic complex consists of several small calderas, cinder cones and a stratovolcano. 4 Colombia | ReliefWeb", http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/KKEE-6R7M3C?OpenDocument, "Image: Crateres_de_impacto_erupcion_Galeras_ene_17_2008_sector_sur_crater.jpg, (2000 1500 px)", http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/pasto/images/7/75/Crateres_de_impacto_erupcion_Galeras_ene_17_2008_sector_sur_crater.jpg, http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2008/01/17/international/i202255S91.DTL, https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jvrQSoNBVjP5jhm1Fv_2oh43T9nA, http://www.pr-inside.com/galeras-volcano-erupts-in-southwestern-colombia-r1060096.htm, Eruptions of Galeras Volcano Situation Report No 1, "Evacuation after Colombia volcano erupts", http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/evacuation-after-colombia-volcano-erupts-3323350, "'Red alert' issued for Colombian volcano after non-explosive eruption", http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/08/25/colombia.volcano/index.html?hpt=Sbin, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, https://www2.sgc.gov.co/getattachment/Pasto/Volcanes/Volcan-Galeras/Mapa-de-amenazas/Resumen-MEMORIA-ACTUALIZACION-DEL-MAPA-DE-AMENAZA/Memoria_Actualizacion_Mapa_Amenaza_Volcanica_Volcan_Galeras_2015.pdf.aspx, Thousands flee after volcano begins to erupt in Colombia, GOES imagery of the 03 January 2010 eruption (CIMSS Satellite Blog), https://wiki.kidzsearch.com/w/index.php?title=Galeras&oldid=5160114. Sources and analyses predict that there may be around 20 volcanoes erupting at any one time. Galeras is one of 15 volcanoes worldwide that are being monitored by the scientific community as an "International Decade Volcano" because of the hazard that it represents to the local population. The city and towns' evacuation was ordered, but reportedly ignored. On 21st July, an ash emission rose 500 m above the volcano's rim, and was visible from San Juan de Pasto. Galeras is located near a northwest-dipping thrust fault zone that resulted from this collision. The false colors in this image were created using the following radar channels: red represents the L-band (horizontally transmitted and received); green represents the L-band (horizontally transmitted, vertically received); blue represents the C-band (horizontally transmitted, vertically received). The Campi Flegrei Supervolcano Is In A Critical State. 2012-14 Eruptions The caldera is not perfectly formed. A central cone slightly lower than the caldera rim has been the site of numerous small-to-moderate historical eruptions since the time of the Spanish conquistadors. The Coatepeque volcano is a large caldera, with a lake that was formed by the collapse of a group of stratovolcanoes east of the Santa Ana volcano and part of the Santa Ana volcano during . A lava dome continued to grow in the crater. Located in southwest Colombia, 4,270-m high Galeras Volcano rises 1,600 m above Pasto, the capital city and economic nucleus of Narino Province (Figure 1 ). The strongest eruption in the history of observations occurred in 1815 in Indonesia, when the Tambora volcano ejected almost 180 cubic kilometers of matter into the atmosphere. Not a happy thought! [28] Developing a larger vocabulary may help protect you against depression. 2006 Eruptions If you thought it was safe to stand a few feet away from a volcano, think again. However, the prediction was based simply on the one seismographic printout viewed in the light of previous history of Galeras, without any additional scientific measurements showing any serious activity within the volcano.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Category handler/data' not found.[source?]. The active cone began growing 4,500 years ago, and its eruptive style has been characterized by relatively small Vulcanian explosions. As in 2005, the city of Pasto was blanketed by a layer of ash after the volcanic explosion (due to the direction of the wind). The volcano rises nearly 14,000 feet above sea level and is a large (25 kilometers in diameter, 300 cubic kilometers in volume), complex volcanic center. The volcano tops out at 4,276 m and was designated part of Traffic restrictions have affected the highway linking Pashto to areas close to Galeras. These are the cinder cone volcano, the stratovolcano, and the shield volcano. Lava is the liquid that is expelled from the volcano. Later the experts confirmed partial damage in the national and local TV towers. This colossal volcano lies in the Tharsis region of the Red Planet. This can extend to 20 miles long! ] Pyroclastic surges and flows are hot, turbulent clouds of tephra . Since that second eruption, part of the caldera wall has collapsed, possibly due to instabilities caused by hydrothermal (high-temperature water) activity, and later eruptions have built up a smaller cone inside the now horseshoe-shaped caldera. Galeras volcano is located in Columbia. [7], On January 17, 2008, the volcano erupted around 20:06 (local) (01:06 UTC). Typically these eruptions consist of a central vent explosion, conducive to an explosive eruption causing pyroclastic flows and/or lahars. The dominantly andesitic complex has been active for more than 1 million years, and two major caldera collapse eruptions took place during the late Pleistocene. Other eruptions similar to this event include those in 3150BC 200 years, 2580BC 500 years, 1160BC 300 years, 490BC 100 years, and in 890 AD 200 years. . The volume of the volcanoes can reach thousands of km cubic. Galeras erupted again on August 25, 2010, with an ash plume visible in the air. Facts to keep in mind about the Taal Volcano are that it is located on a small island and is around 65 miles away from Manila. Flight Center. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, Earth Observatory, using data obtained from the University of Marylands Global Land Cover Facility. Interesting facts about volcanoes. Its highest point rises to 5,466 feet (1,666 metres) above sea level. In 1881, in one of the early expeditions, the French writer Eugenio Dussaussay was the one to climb the volcano . 560,000 years ago, and sometime between 40,000 and 150,000 years ago. Numerous minor tremors and ash emissions since March 2006 culminated on 12 July 2006 in three explosive eruptions, producing an ash and gas column reaching an altitude of 8 kilometres (5.0mi). Image of the Day On the 12th July there was an increase in activity which includes two explosions and 1000 people were evacuated from the surrounding areas. Volcanoes, Eruption of Eyjafjallajkull Volcano, Iceland, NASA Goddard Space It is seen here from the south on March 17, 1989, with steam clouds pouring from vents on the large central cone near the back headwall of the caldera, whose south rim forms the ridge in the foreground. North is toward the upper right. These have occurred before about eighty percent (80%) of the explosions at Galeras, and the number of tornillo events recorded before an eruption is also correlated with the size of the eruption that followed. Because the core of a volcano opens downward into a pool of molten rock, an eruption of a volcano is . If you add the underwater volcanoes, you get an estimate that there are a total of about 6,000 volcanoes that have erupted in the last 10,000 years. The above is a radar image of Galeras volcano in southern Colombia. Volcanoes are some of the deadliest, most imposing yet most intriguing parts of our planet. The Center of The World's Volcanoes. The eruptive column showed three levels of dispersion. The Galeras Volcano is located in the Colombian Department of Narino, near the capital Pasto. More than 100minor tremors were felt during a major eruption in April 2002, although no damage or injury was reported. No injuries or damage were reported.[12]. There are three types of volcano. There are 125 streams, several rivers, and four lakes that supply water to 500,000 people near the Galeras. [2] A 1993 eruption killed nine people, including six scientists who had gone down into the volcano's crater to take samples of gases and measure gravity in an attempt to be able to predict future eruptions. Two small eruption occurred in 2000 after seven years of quiet at Galeras volcano. Colombian authorities also stated that it could remain volatile in the weeks to come. This volcano is monitored by the Deep Earth Carbon Degassing Project. The island of Hawaii is home to four volcanoes monitored by volcanologists: Mauna Loa, Hualalai, Kilauea, and Mauna Kea. 3 0 obj Share them in the comments below! A second most active volcano in the Philippines. Its first historical eruption was recorded on December 7, 1580. Magma is rock that is so hot, it has turned into a liquid. Its peak rises 4,276 metres (14,029ft) above sea level. After the eruption there was a decrease in seismic activity, characterized by the presence of a few events associated with fluid dynamics and low energy levels. An ash column reached a height of 8-11 km above the summit. Geology.com News Rocks Minerals Gemstones Volcanoes More Topics US Maps World Map Store. Some 8,000 residents were evacuated, and there were no immediate reports of injuries or serious property damage. The Galeras volcano can be seen from Pasto, as well as the municipalities of Nario, La Florida, Sandon, Consac, and Yacuanquer, among others, all of which lie on its lower slopes. <> Galeras (Urcunina among the 16th-century indigenous people) is an Andean stratovolcano in the Colombian department of Nario, near the departmental capital Pasto.Its summit rises 4,276 metres (14,029 ft) above sea level.It has erupted frequently since the Spanish conquest, with its first historical eruption being recorded on December 7, 1580. The locals were taken to shelters in Pasto, the capital of Narino department on the border with Ecuador. There were no immediate reports of injuries or serious property damage. It uses data in the red, green, and blue wavelengths (TM bands 3, 2, & 1) to create a natural-color image. A volcano can be the trigger point for various geological or natural disasters. On 24th May 9000 people were evacuated from near the volcano as a precaution. The city of Pasto, about 9 kilometres (5.6mi) from the volcano, was blanketed by a layer of ash after the volcanic explosion, forcing the residents to put on goggles and face masks. The eruption ejected lapilli, ash, and clay. Up to 8000 people were evacuated from around the volcano after an explosive eruption of Galeras on 14th February 2009. There's a 20 Mile Radius of Immediate Danger. Three major volcanic edifices have been sequentially constructed since the mid-Pleistocene over a basement of metamorphic rocks. The previous eruption at Galeras on 16th July 1992 was preceded by 9 tornillo earthquakes in 5 days. Olympus Mons is around 27 km high. . Galeras. Read also: 5 Interesting Facts You must know about Japan. The asteroid that killed the dinosaurs also caused volcanoes to erupt everywhere, Since that second eruption, part of the caldera wall has collapsed, possibly due to instabilities caused by hydrothermal (high-temperature water) activity, and later eruptions have built up a smaller cone inside the now horseshoe-shaped caldera. Galeras became active again in 1988 after 10 years of dormancy. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. All of these types of activity are immediately hazardous to those who live near the volcano; pyroclastic flows are especially a concern, as many people who live in Pasto do not heed evacuation warnings issued by local scientists. Mount Etna. On 21st November 2004 there was an explosive eruption at Galeras. Elements in the media made the event controversial. 1. Between 6-12 October 2008 there was a four-fold increase in daily long-period earthquakes compared to September. In an eruption in 1993, it killed a group of scientists and tourists who had been inside its crater when it erupted. The cinder cone tends to be the least vicious, with the stratovolcano being the most deadly. The Galeras volcanic complex is more than one million years old; its history has included caldera-forming eruptions, summit collapses, and stratocone-building activity. We're aiming to achieve uninterrupted service wherever an earthquake or volcano eruption unfolds, and your donations can make it happen! Colombian authorities also stated that it could remain volatile in the weeks to come. [3] It is currently the most active volcano in Colombia. [7], On January 17, 2008, the volcano erupted around 20:06 (local) (01:06 UTC). The eruption, which was described as non-explosive, caused authorities to raise an alert for neighbouring towns.[14]. Some volcanoes create earth-shattering, booming sounds whereas others will hiss and crackle. An eruption in November 2005 forced an evacuation of the dangerous area surrounding the volcano, and about 9,400people from nearby villages (most of them farmers) were ordered to leave. Atmosphere FOLLOW US. 6 Essential Facts Everyone Should Know about Fertility, 15 Energising Facts about Weightlifting. [4], Elements in the media made the event controversial by suggesting the expedition leader, geologist Stanley Williams, who survived along with four others, had ignored safety procedures. Ash fell in the city of Pasto. Such composite volcanos have a conical shape with gentle lower slopes that rise steeply. Baxter, Peter J., and Austin Gresham. "Tornillo-type seismic signals at Galeras volcano, Colombia, 19921993". Mayon Volcano with cloudy hat- Author; Patryk Reba- Wikimedia. Narvez, L., Cepeda, H. and Stix, J., 1997. [1] Two major caldera-forming eruptions have occurred, the first about 560,000 years ago in an eruption which expelled about 15 cubic kilometres (3.6cumi) of material. There are many fascinating volcano facts that are both terrifying and interesting. Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program Website. Here you have some fun facts about volcanos: The world's largest volcano at 13,000 feet above sea level is Mauna Loa and it's located in Hawaii. Mauna Kea also in Hawaii is a taller volcano with a height of 4,207 m but currently is dormant. Later the experts confirmed partial damage in the national and local TV towers. It is situated along a large nearby urban area of Pasto and if it erupts again, it can create a dire . Architectural, artistic and archaeological treasures, Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south, PASTO: Geographical, Economics and Culture, "Colombia: Reporte de actividad eruptiva de Galeras, Julio 13 de 2006 - Colombia | ReliefWeb", "Colombia: Galeras Volcano OCHA Situation Report No. The Philippines has 25 active volcanoes and is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, where all but three of the world's 25 largest volcanic eruptions of the last 11,700 years have occurred.And although Taal comes second only to Mayon as the most active volcano in the Philippines, in size, it is the . Arenal Volcano Geology, history, hazards, . Galeras erupted again on August 25, 2010, with an ash plume visible in the air. Rock falls and pyroclastic flows were reported from towns as distant as Consac, 11.4 kilometres (7.1mi) west of the main crater. Numerous minor tremors and ash emissions since March 2006 culminated on 12 July 2006 in three explosive eruptions, producing an ash and gas column reaching an altitude of 8 kilometres (5.0mi). Volcanoes are Dangerous: But then you knew . There are said to be more than 500 active volcanoes worldwide. It has erupted many times since the Spanish conquest. Galeras is one of Colombias most active volcanoes, with at least 20 eruptions since the 1500s. xZ[s~L&6 ^v2IxdzIBA )8H\s?CzoExu%o>|2 D|Z|!E( i?|y]jQQ,3,/iq2[L7iJeg/}@&" Dh?|CN=PZ Bz>\1D 0A4$v? They suggested that the expedition leader, geologist Stanley Williams, who survived along with four others, had ignored safety procedures. Reported incidents with no official proof occurred in 1836, 1930, 1933, and 1973.[1]. An eruption occurred unexpectedly while they were at the summit (highest point), resulting in the deaths of six scientists and three tourists. Its summit rises 4,276 metres (14,029ft) above sea level. Another caldera-forming event ~40,000 years ago occurred near the rim of the earlier crater. Approximately 400,000 people live within the volcano's zone of influence. Volcanoes, explained. Pele's hair, named after the Hawaiian goddess of volcanoes, is a glass fiber formed through the stretching of molten basaltic glass from lava. Mt. Galeras Volcano Aerial View: Aerial view of the Galeras summit taken in 1989. Volcanic activity has been frequent in the last five years, including an eruption in January 1993 that killed nine people on a scientific expedition to the volcano summit. Projectiles fell 3 km from the crater starting fires. The volcano erupted on January 3, 2010, forcing the evacuation of 8,000 people. The seismic signal associated with the eruption was lower than that recorded during the eruption of 30th September 2009. Twenty tornillo earthquakes occurred at the volcano in 16 days prior to the eruption. An eruption occurred at Galeras volcano on 2nd January 2010. ash was ejected to a height of 12 km. [13] This was the 10th such eruption of the volcano in the preceding 12 months, and the first of 2010. Mount Vesuvius is a complex stratovolcano, built by layers of hardened lava, pumice, and volcanic ash. According to the Colombian Geological Service, the first quake occurred at 4:35 a.m. local time (about 0935 GMT) and registered 4.5 on the Richter scale. It is the most active volcano in Japan. The city of Pasto, about 9 kilometres (5.6mi) from the volcano, was blanketed by a layer of ash after the volcanic explosion, forcing the residents to don goggles and face masks. Nawi'/ _(`; M#SaZ\@Xa%lbuKMCuA=b( 25 M@%kAo4[RGT]GgH_r@Q@ /KkF/{rOiiUiQb_Y2,m/rd]N7^':^rC~z:!u\D** Hv8|l Long-term extensive hydrothermal alteration has contributed to large-scale . "Tornillo" is Spanish for "screw," and these seismic signals are so named because their shape on a seismograph resembles a screw with a wide head and tapered tail. Believe it or not, a volcanic eruption can help to enrich nearby land. "Deaths and injuries in the eruption of Galeras Volcano, Colombia, 14 January 1993". [2] A 1993 eruption killed nine people, including six scientists who had descended into the volcano's crater to sample gases and take gravity measurements in an attempt to be able to predict future eruptions. It is also one of the most active volcanoes in Colombia with a summit reaching up to 4,276 meters above sea level. Wind direction according to the weather station installed at the top of Galeras, is toward the west coast. Journal of volcanology and geothermal research,77(1-4), pp.159-171. Galeras Volcano The most active volcano in Colombia. Required fields are marked *. Between 16-23 May 2005, small shallow earthquakes were recorded beneath Galeras volcano. 2002 Eruption Many are in the Ring of Fire, in the Pacific. Seismic B-types had been used successfully to predict eruptions on other volcanoes. Maintaining our website and our free apps does require, however, considerable time and resources. One of the most active volcanoes on planet Earth Hawaii's Kilauea volcano has been erupting continuously from past 29 years starting from 3rd January 1983. [8][9], Then, on February 14, 2009, the volcano erupted around 19:10 (local) (00:10 UTC). There were no immediate reports of injuries or serious property damage. The column reached a height of about 8 km, with dispersal to the east, at an altitude of 2500 m, the plume of ash was to the west, and between these two levels, the ash moved north. Vulcan was the name of the Roman god of fire. Hot lava fell 3.5 km from the volcano and started fires. There are volcano observatories all over the world around a hundred, in fact. 1.22 N, 77.37 W Due to the presence of magma close to the surface, and the history of the volcano, INGEOMINAS has raised the alert status to the highest level RED. The volcano has been active for more than 1 million years, and two major caldera collapse eruptions took place during the past 100,000 years. [4], Elements in the media made the event controversial. 12. These have occurred before about four-fifths of the explosions at Galeras, and the number of tornillo events recorded before an eruption is also correlated with the size of the ensuing eruption. Due west of the city of Pasto, Colombia, layer upon layer of ash, lava, cinders, and other volcanic debris pile up to form the Galeras Volcano. Its earliest activity during the Holocene has been dated at 7050 BC 1000 years through radiocarbon dating. Colombian authorities also stated that it could remain volatile in the weeks to come. The Taal caldera is filled with lakes because of the past eruptions between 140,000 and 5,380 BP. Interesting Facts about the Ring of Fire. Here are 25 Interesting facts about Volcanoes that you probably didn't know before reading this! Ashfall was reported in the Municipalities of Sandona, Ancuya, Linares, La Llanada, and Sotomayor. For example, an erupting volcano can theoretically start an earthquake, a flood, or even a tsunami. Thats especially fascinating, given that its assumed more than 1,300 have erupted at all in the past 10,000 years! A Decade Volcano conference in the city of Pasto, in 1993, ended in disaster when several of the scientists present mounted an impromptu (unscheduled) expedition on 14 January to the crater of Galeras. Caption modified from Jet Propulsion Lab press release P-45441 March 30, 1995, by Stanley Williams and Fen Montaigne(published by Houghton Mifflin 270 pages, 2001). On January 17, 2008, the volcano erupted around 20:06 (local) (01:06 UTC). The volcano has continued to be well-studied, and predictions of eruptions at the volcano have improved. It is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the region. The force was about 13,000 times more powerful than the bomb that devastated Hiroshima in 1945. It is the second most active volcano in the Philippines. % Put simply, a volcano is an opening in the Earth's surface. Eruptions in more recent times, which have been recorded consist of those in 1535, December 1580, July 1616, 1641, 1670, 1754, November 1796, June 1823, October 1828, 1834, October 1865, July 1889, 1891, December 1923, October 1924, October 1932, February 1936, July 1947, January 1950, 1974, February 1989, January 1990, January 1993, March 2000, June 2002, July 2004, November 2005, and October 2007. bA88*b'a 9:f2 l@H+B@%`IRc$v&R=NLr\#E)k"xWx< fgol \\ i~\aFn. Ash from 11th August eruption fell on La Florida (10 km NW), Nario, Sandon, and Consac. It is currently the most active volcano in Colombia. 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