The reformist impulse also stemmed from new social conditions. "gentlemen of property and standing" (p. 453). Consider the following sample data. Preachers and believers all over the country saw humankind and society as good and perfectible, able to improve and strive to become more like God. The response to these conditions was the 1826 creation of the American Temperance Society in Boston, Massachusetts. Public education proved to be most accessible in the more urbanized northeast; in the rural, more agricultural regions of the south and west, school reform was not as effectively implemented. There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. Throughout New England, many Christians began to espouse Unitarianism, a sect based on the importance of human reason. The increasing urbanization of the United States and the large numbers of immigrants, especially Germans, had transformed the nation in ways that were unfamiliar and that some found threatening. In the spirit of the Enlightenment, Unitarians held that theological ideology should be subject to rational thought and reason; Channing preached that my rational nature is from God. Unitarians attested to the oneness of God. As strict monotheists, Unitarians viewed Jesus as a saintly man, but not divine. \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ The Garrisionians wanted Douglass to simply get up and tell his story, to tell his narrative on the platform. Male2302090Female2182448, b. The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. The movements shared a common support base: many abolitionists supported or were active in the womens rights movement, or vice versa. What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? Born into slavery in Maryland in 1819, he escaped from slavery as a young man and spent the rest of his life devoting himself to the cause of freedom for all. The amendment was passed after years of efforts by temperance societies throughout the country. The development of separate northern and southern economies, westward expansion of the nation, and a spirit of reform marked the era. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. When one of the conspirators proved hesitant to rebellion, Gabriel called on his brother to speak at a meeting of the conspirators to encourage them to action: outright rebellion. 14 A New Birth Of Freedom, Give Me Liberty Ch. The experiment in Liberia proved to be, in many ways, a failure; hundreds died from disease soon after emigrating. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. - moral suasion through speeches and literature. - women at this time were fighting to show that they are just as good as men. 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In 1834, middle-class women in New York City organized the Female Moral Reform Society, which sought to redeem prostitutes from lives of sin and to protect the morality of single women. Learn about temperance and abolition and . The Antebellum Period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some historians expand it to all the years from the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 to the beginning of the Civil War. \text{Machinery and Equipment}& 8,000,000 &7,300,000\\ The Seneca Falls Convention worked to establish____. Dix was instrumental in motivating a state role in the creation of these facilities. Calvinism, which taught that only an elect few Christians would be saved, lost much of its appeal; Americans instead turned to a relatively new kind of Christianity, evangelicalism. Why? The most significant success was that by 1860, more than a dozen states had granted women greater control over the wages they earned, and some even allowed women to sue husbands and fathers who tried to deprive them of their wages. The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. Legal. He ended his appeal by writing, I will not equivocate- I will not excuse- I will not retreat a single inch- and I will be heard. Along with an immediate end to slavery, Garrison also espoused racial equality as an absolute necessity to ending the institution without massive bloodshed. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. 2. What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? An important example of the abolitionist voice in the South came from sisters from Charleston, South Carolina who had migrated north and become Quakers because of their abolitionism. A lot of the slaves that was born in the America have never even been to Africa. The Church of Later-Day Saints proved to be a lasting and successful alternative vision to the Second Great Awakening of antebellum America. (1) The only transaction affecting common or preferred shares during 2013 was the sale of treasury stock. The survey also asked the respondent's gender. The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. Do not delete this text first. (Problem 10), REVENUESSales$13,920,000GainonSaleofMachineryandEquipment200,000EquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporation$1,800,000RosenwaldCompany125,000HutchinsonCompany75,0002,000,000TotalRevenues$16,120,000EXPENSESCostofGoodsSold$5,000,000EmployeePayrollExpense3,000,000DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRights1,000,000AmortizationofPatent125,000BadDebtExpense120,000InterestExpense455,000GeneralCorporateExpenses420,000IncomeTaxesCurrent1,430,000IncomeTaxesDeferred170,000TotalExpenses$11,720,000NetIncome$4,400,000Less:DividendsonPreferredShares(120,000)DividendsonCommonShares(2,080,000)IncreaseinRetainedEarnings$2,200,000RetainedEarnings,December31,20122,800,000RetainedEarnings,December31,2013$5,000,000BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)$2.68DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$2.20\begin{array}{lrr} \quad\text{Rosenwald Company}&125,000\\ If they openly challenged the institution of slavery, slave owners would not allow their slaves to attend revival meetings or to hear the message. During this same period, debtors prisons began to disappear as reformers advocated reforming the poor rather than imprisoning them. \text{Additional Paid-In Capital}& 3,000,000 &2,400,000\\ The abolitionist emblem - a portrait of a slave in chains coupled with the motto "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two of the excluded delegates, united to form an organization that would speak for oppressed women. During the 1830s and 1840s, Americans embarked on a program of institution building - jails for criminals, poorhouses for the destitute, asylums for the insane, and orphanages for children without families. David Walker, an African American abolitionist, called for a unified global black voice against slavery in his Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. Antebellum reform was international in scope . By helping others, they asserted their worth while at the same time alleviating social ills. Debtors were punished by imprisonment. The Latter Day Saint Movement (of which the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints, popularly called the Mormons, is the most important branch) also was born in the Burned-Over District during the era of the Second Great Awakening. Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. Although black and white abolitionists worked closely together in the movement and usually worked well together, African Americans experienced racial prejudice even within the abolitionist movement. The first, in which . \text{Retained Earnings}& 5,000,000 &2,800,000\\ In the 19th Century's Antebellum Era, Americans began several social reform movements influenced by transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening. The utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage by prohibiting sexual relations between men and women altogether, others allowed them to change partners at will and the abolition of private property must be accompanied by an end to men's property in women. In the aftermath of the rebellion, the panicky white population killed more than one hundred black men, free and slave. They formed abolition groups together to voice their opinions and fought in arguments over women's suffrage. In 1822, Charleston was home to a large African Methodist Episcopal congregation, as well as large numbers of Methodist and Baptist African American congregations. These communities differed greatly in structure and motivation. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement. Participation in the temperance movement was much more socially acceptable than participation in the abolition or womens rights movement. The womens rights movement did not attract broad support among women or men during the antebellum era. Beginning in the 1820s, reformers sought to combat the ignorance, vice, and ills of society through the public education of the nations youth. Antebellum PeriodAntebellum is a Latin word that means "before the war." In American history, the antebellum period refers to the years after the War of 1812 (1812-15) and before the Civil War (1861-65). This page titled 13.1: Religious Reforms in the Antebellum United States is shared under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform; a detailed edit history is available upon request. 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