But didnt Jesus keep the party going at a wedding with wine? This means that first-century wine was never stronger than 6% alcohol, and often was only 3% or less. We all deal with different issues. However, the wine of the Biblical era was much weaker than the wine we know today. White, dry. 5. The second FLSB article begins. These point to the teachings of the Old, learn so much from what the Bible tells us about everything in life. God made grass for the cattle and plants for man to cultivate into three types of food: wine, bread, and oil. While I do have an opinion on this issue, my first intention is not to engage in this dispute here. Miles Stair is a survivalist living in Oregon [www.endtimesreport.com]. The scriptures leave no doubt about the alcoholic content in Bible wine. This was a big deal. In a recent letter, a visitor to the Biblical Studies Foundation web site asked, "Could you help explain whether the Bible promotes drinking alcohol or whether it condemns it." . Both the production and the quality of wine declined steadily in Europe during the early Middle Ages. Marriage is a symbol of God and his church (Ephesians 5:22-32), and the fulfillment of all things will happen with a type of heavenly wedding (Revelation 19:6-9). Psalm 104: 14-15 also gives the God inspired purpose and design of wine: to "gladden human hearts.". In Biblical times, the wine we know today was significantly weaker than what was available then. Distillation was invented by Arab alchemists in the 8th century long after the New Testament era. We party in the kingdom because of Gods amazing things. The wine was of such poor quality that when Arab tribes took over Israel in the Moslem Conquest of 636, putting a stop to local wine production for 1,200 years, disappointment didnt exactly ferment. Thisfruit of the vine means wine. Revolution Though there are several examples of passages in the Bible that involve Jesus drinking wine, with the most famous one likely being The Last Supper, the Bible also includes innumerable references to wine in general, wine drinking that does not necessarily involve Christ. Therefore, Jesus continually uses weddings to show the new relationship available with the Father through the Son and Spirit, and we should celebrate that. Thus the fermentation process must come to a halt or the skins would burst. Drinking a small amount (similar to social drinking in modern society) would be acceptable. The answer is we don't know the alcohol percentage for a typical ancient wine, but we do know it was strong enough to make people drunk. I weep for you, as Jazer weeps, you vines of Sibmah. Alcohol-related crashes cost taxpayer over $100 billion dollars. We celebrate because we have been delivered by God, who loves us abundantly. For he shall be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink; and he shall be filled with the Holy Ghost, even from his mothers womb (Luke 1:15). Do not cause anyone to stumble, whether Jews, Greeks or the church of God even as I try to please everyone in every way. The story was essentially an allegory about the gods' sometimes capricious nature, the hubris problem within humans, and how alcohol was used to . We party differently than the world. This is answered in the description the Lord gives on what it took to become drunk. Who's afraid of the multiverse? B. Pesahim 108b states that the wine consumed during Passover was 3:1 wine. 2. Working and Keeping: Seasonal Lessons in my Life as a Flower Farmer. =). Whether or not Jesus drank wine, and whether or not it was condoned or condemned, is based on a great deal of speculation. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. They held that both the Bible and Christian tradition taught that alcohol is a gift from God that makes life more joyous, but that over-indulgence leading to drunkenness is sinful. However, Scripture does not necessarily forbid a Christian from drinking beer, wine, or any other drink containing alcohol. Steve, I can tell you did not read carefully. Ecclesiastes 9:7 instructs, "Drink your wine with a merry heart." Psalm 104:14-15 states that God gives wine "that makes glad the heart of men." Amos 9:14 discusses drinking wine from your own vineyard as a sign of God's blessing. The alcoholic content must have been only a fraction of what it is in todays wine. But whether we drink moderately or abstain entirely is not the point. He went to him and bandaged his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. From these references, readers learn that wine was made from grapes, figs, dates and pomegranates. The history of Israeli wine is unique in that it also involves the history of Christ. 2 to 1Anacreon. Unfortunately, many Christians know little about the ancient Mediterranean world. Growing up in the local church, we used to say this line all the time, especially in Sunday School class as a teen, trying to help us kids say no to the culture that would tempt us with such things. This bold claim is precisely the opposite of reality. Note how long it took. In some states, a beverage with the weak alcohol content of New Testament wine is not even considered an alcoholic beverage. In fact, some passages of Scripture discuss alcohol in positive terms. What was wine's alcohol content in biblical times? But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice, and said unto them, Ye men of Judaea, and all ye that dwell at Jerusalem, be this known unto you, and hearken to my words: For these are not drunken, as ye suppose, seeing it is but the third hour of the day (Acts 2:13-15). Whether or not Jesus advocated drinking wine, and whether or not the wine he drank was alcoholic, has become a cornerstone in many historical and religious debates. To be considered legally drunk in most states in U.S.A you must have a blood alcohol concentration, BAC of 0.08%. Peters argument to prove the apostles were not drunk, hinged strictly on a very low alcoholic content of New wine. who hath contentions? Are You Actually a Christian Apatheist? Because of this, he is known as a founder of Israels wine industry. I will report his response in "Wine in the Ancient World, Part II." From teetotalers that got alcohol banned in Americas Prohibition era to Benedictine monks who made winemaking a core part of financing their monasteries, the church has diverse perspectives on the subject. Church History 101 Get Your Bible Minute in Your Inbox Every Morning, I dont drink, cuss, smoke, chew, or run around with women who do.. "Unfermented wine" was first invented in 1869 by Welches. This testimony agrees with the secular history of alcoholic beverages. Whether you choose to imbibe or not, read scripture and reflect on the powerful significance of wine in the Bible. Instead, people argue whether or not the Bible condemns all use of alcohol or whether it condones its use in moderation. For grape juice to exceed 4% alcohol, then the winemaker must add yeast. John 2:10). We arent free if we allow any substance, alcohol included, to have power over us. The adding of sugars in wine was not in common use until well after the New Testament period. Strong drink is full strength wine with an alcohol content of, at most, 12-15%. You might not agree with his views, but he knows more than I will ever know about how to stay alive during a natural disaster - this includes how to get drinkable water, how to purify water, and how to safely store water for later consumption. 12. People routinely died from bad water. Is It Ok for Christians to Follow Zodiac Signs? The most common Hebrew word for wine is yayin, from a root meaning to boil up, to be in a ferment. Others derive it from a root meaning to tread out, and hence the juice of the grapes when stepped on or pressed. Then Jesus makes this interesting statement, I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now onuntil that day when I drink it new with you in My Fathers kingdom.. Here are some biblical examples of wine during sacrifices: With the first lamb offer a tenth of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of oil from pressed olives, and a quarter of a hin of wine as a drink offering. Exodus 29:40, together with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with olive oil a food offering presented to the Lord , a pleasing aroma and its drink offering of a quarter of a hin of wine. Leviticus 23:13, then the person who brings an offering shall present to the Lord a grain offering of a tenth of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with a quarter of a hin of olive oil. The norm, however, was regular, fermented wine. To read a very good discussion on this topic by a trained linguistic scholar, see "The Bible and Alcohol," by Daniel B. Wallace, Ph.D. However, the ancients were virtually unanimous that a dilution rate of at least two parts water to one part wine was necessary. How strong an alcoholic content was the Old Wine of the Old and New Testaments? The assumption maintains that grape juice will always, naturally, ferment and have an alcoholic content of about 12% to 15%. 2007 13. Too coarse and too sweet to be consumed, Israeli wine was looked on unfavorably until just a few decades ago. The data which is incorrectly presented, and which I want to address here, comes from non-Christian ancient writers including Pliny the Elder and Columella. New wine could not make anyone drunk even if they had tarried over the wine for three hours. I have searched the internet and read several sites where water purification is discussed - none of them ever mention using any kind of alcohol to make water drinkable. We will seek to determine if the approval of New Testament wine in moderation provides ethical justification for the consumption of significantly stronger alcoholic beverages today. Ian Tattersall & Rob Desalle: "A Natural History of Wine", Yale University Press: New Haven, London, 2015. Ancient People of Teotihuacan Drank Alcohol as Nutrient Booster And, the Good Samaritan used wine to cleanse the wound of the traveler. 15. The Ancient Greeks and Romans likely watered down their wine, or more accurately added wine to their water, as a way of purifying (or hiding the foul taste) from . Everywhere the Bible speaks negatively of drunkenness. The new wine is pressed from the grapes and put into new bottles. The party is winding down, and maybe theyre trying to get people to go home. who hath wounds without cause? Mood swings. Not until the 12th century did the great wine-growing districts begin to recover. 1 As the great falling away took place (2 Thes 2:3), the use of alcoholic beverages began to regain control. This indicates a low alcoholic content in old wine. A plethora of examples (including Paul's injunction in Ephesians 5:18) could be gathered from ancient writers to show that intoxication was a concern and was not unusual in the ancient world. He eventually does, going into a storage area where there were large cisterns of water for washing, also culturally important for the cleanliness of the Old Covenant Law. The issue of alcohol content in wine is an important one. But what does the Bible say? Can Christians drink alcohol? Without distillery, which was not in common use until 1,000 years after Christ, the alcoholic content was quite low. The article goes on to argue that the most likely water to wine dilution rate of Jews in the New Testament period was 3:1, which was equivalent to a beverage that is only 3% alcoholic. How much excess did it take to become drunk in Bible times? In stopping over the question of wine in biblical times, it is well known that grape juice was a valuable commodity in Middle Eastern society, and a convenience well appreciated in Bible times. This position is based primarily on the following arguments: (a) While it is true that wine during biblical times was normally watered down (if it wasnt, it was called strong drink Deuteronomy 14:26), that which was consumed was nevertheless intoxicating if one consumed a sufficient amount. [2] [3] [4] Additionally, the inhabitants of ancient Israel drank beer, and wines made from fruits other than grapes, and references to these appear in scripture. But what about alcohol? At times and places of poor public sanitation (such as Medieval Europe), the consumption of alcoholic drinks was a way of avoiding water-borne diseases such as cholera. In other words, equivalent to a modern low-alcohol beer. Some Scriptures discuss alcohol in positive terms. How did ancient Israel make wine? There are hardly any people arguing on the premise that Jesus consumed large amounts of wine. All of these texts indicate the presence of alcohol and fermentation, but the two from Pliny are particularly interesting: the warming sensation of alcohol on the inside when consumed and the cooling, evaporative nature of using it as a rub - both point to alcohol. Lack of sound judgement. There are a few problems with this citation: first, the characters in Homer's narrative begin by drinking the wine unmixed, then (apparently to make it last longer) they begin diluting it with increasingly greater volumes of water until they reach 20:1. 6:9-11). . Breast cancer. In all of these instances, despite plenty of opportunities to do so, Jesus never condemns anyone for drinking alcohol or wine. First, in Matthew 26:27-29, he institutes the new covenant by sharing a cup of wine with the twelve apostles. Historical data concerning the making and use of wine by the Jews and other nations in the Biblical world indicate that it was (a) often unfermented and (b) normally mixed with water. Some denominations use wine in the celebration (eucharist) of Holy Communion, while others will only use unfermented grape juice. He would never have done so if alcohol were a sinful substance never to be consumed. Even when it comes to food. In an exchange of e-mails he confirmed what I had thought all along: The closest thing I can find to this idea that wine can make bacteria-laden water safe to drink are studies clearly indicating that the consumption of wine with a meal can protect a person against certain kinds of food poisening - the alcohol and the acid in wine does kill bacteria in the stomach: Woman of Noble Character Affiliate Program, Symbolism in the Bible- Food & Nourishment, the New Testament there are additional verses pointing to the misuse of wine. Because the lands of Israel and the climate were not ideal for vine growing, the wine produced was often of poor quality. Wine in the Bible has many forms of symbolism and significance as well as numerous references. He is amazed that it can withstand this kind of dilution. However, the wines that were made during this time often tasted so bad that bottles shipped to Egypt were garnished with anything that would add flavor. Both Pliny and Plato refer to the "legendary" aspects of Homer's wine. The Bible has 17 warnings against the abuse of wine and strong drink and 19 examples of its abuse. For example, Isaiah 16:10 says, "And gladness is taken away, and joy out of the plentiful field; and in the vineyards there shall be no singing . He blessed the wine and instructed the men to drink from it. Biblical Response: Dr. Lackey is correct that this passage refers to alcoholic wine since all the passages in the Bible that refer to wine are referring to alcoholic wine. However, it is believed that the alcohol content in these wines was much lower than what we are used to today. Therefore, we get several occasions where the drinking of alcohol is addressed. We also know that the Bible condemns drunkenness as a sin and calls wine a foolish drink. 3:3, 8; 5:23; Titus 2:3). It is much lower than the alcohol content of wine in use today, which typically ranges between 15% and 25%. We cant be drunk and live the life God has called us to, to make sound and wise decisions, to keep our wits about us in a dangerous and broken world. Thats not very practical. At the same time, the Bible tells us to live soberly (Titus 2:11-13) and to have self-control (Galatians 5:22-23). All Rights Reserved, The Lone Star State - Texas While some people insist that Jesus drank wine, others insist that he didnt, and, of course, a few Bill Clinton fans insist that he drank, but didnt inhale. Do you remember hearing your grandmother talk about bloody flux that children in her day died of? Artists of previous centuries often depicted biblical figures wearing the fashions and using the technology of the artists own time rather than those of the actual biblical world (see Gerbrand van den Eeckhouts painting, Vision of Cornelius the Centurion or Rembrandts The Prodigal Son in the Brothel). Yet, it has so much power that the alcoholic will seek it again. A Class Exploring Ancient Wines Asks : The Salt The details of wine and winemaking practices in biblical times are debated among experts. 2) The second position is that THE WINE WAS INTOXICATING. It was also the viewpoint of many of my . The sugar of grape juice can only ferment to 3 or 4% alcohol with wild yeast airborne yeast. Does Approval of the Use of New Testament Wine Justify Use of Modern Alcoholic Beverages? Due to the later invention of distilling, strong drinks like liquor exceed 20% alcohol for which today's wine is coming close to matching. Again, the miracles purpose isnt to make a point about drinking alcohol. One such anachronism relates to modern Christian views of alcohol. Of the 23 times the word shekar appears in the Hebrew Bible, in all but two passages, it is combined with yayin, "wine," either as a word pair or in poetic parallelism. Wine shows up several times in the Gospel narratives. In all my reading of ancient writers I cannot remember a single reference to this issue (while I obviously have not read all ancient documents, I have read a good many documents of first and second century writers). Sometimes the ratio goes down to 1 to 1 (and even lower), but it should be noted that such a mixture is referred to as "strong wine.". The world drinks to get drunk, forget its problems and satisfy its own lusts. 4. On this point there can be little argument; it is certain that people in the ancient world drank grape juice, and oinos was sometimes used to refer to fresh, non-alcoholic wine. We cannot live without food, but we can live without drinking alcohol. 0.11-0.20 Reasoning, depth perception, inappropriate behavior. Stamps, Teachout and Stein are correct when they offer data to show that wine was diluted with water, but to suggest Homer's 20:1 is ridiculous and to put forth Pliny's 8:1 as normal would also be wrong. My concern as an historian is to approach and present the evidence of antiquity with accuracy; this article is a response to some presentations which have failed to do this. This was very likely the commonly accepted dilution rate among Jews of the NT era as well. For I am not seeking my own good but the good of many, so that they may be saved. According to Proverbs 31:6-7, the influence of wine helps people forget their misery. History also shows that fermented drinks were common in most ancient cultures for one simple reason: they couldnt trust the water. Scripture warns us to avoid drunkenness, the danger of living for our own pleasure in drunken parties (Romans 13:13-14). www.sciencedaily.com/videos/2005-12-04/ (2005) Hence, the Scripture says, "Drink no longer water, but use a little wine for the stomach's sake and thine often infirmities." (I Timothy 5:23). Homer was the Star Trek of the ancient world! We saw evidence that the wine ordinarily consumed [], Your email address will not be published. Instead, be filled with the Spirit, Ephesians 5:18. 0.31-0.40 Loss of temperature regulation and loss of bladder control. Watson states it plainly in The Dictionary of Jesus and the Gospels in his article, Wine , when he says, "All wine mentioned in the Bible is . I learned that avoiding certain things didnt keep me from having fun, probably the opposite, and kept me out of more trouble than I already got into. He has a podcast about the Kingdom of God called Kingdom Over Coffeeand is a published author withSay Yes: How God-Sized Dreams Take Flight. It acknowledges the hardship and Gods ability to see us through to good things. to do in Grand Junction, Colorado :: Wine & Bike Tours :: Raft Tours :: Vineyard Tours, Colorado: Not Just for Beer Second, those living in biblical times had developed methods to filter wine . All rights reserved. 5:21). Filed Under: Then the lower freezing point of alcohol which causes Pliny to marvel at how wine could ever freeze. Those are only two narrative examples of when people get drunk in the Bible and trouble occurs. We party in the kingdom, but its different. Fermenting a substance such as grape juice kills that bacterium and gives something safe to drink. Determined to let Israeli grapes have their day in the sun, a Jewish activist and philanthropist name Baron Edmond de Rothschild began helping Jews flee oppressors, eventually helping them adapt to their Palestine settlements. It was equated with life. We now know it was bacillary dysentry caused by water. The scripture is consistent on this point. Traditionally, the fermentation process has been effected by yeast cells present in the grape skins, but special strains of cultured yeast are now often substituted for the natural agent. 1 Without the introduction of other sugars, etc. Jesus would have been raised in such a culture. 2. Some people may swear that he drank, while others may insist that he didnt. Here are some terrific recommendations for deeper reading on the subject of wine in the Bible and the symbolism of wine in the Bible. That is, an average drink = 5 ounces of wine = 12 ounces of beer = 1 1/2 ounces of whiskey = 0.6 ounces of pure alcohol. Again, there can be no argument about whether the ancients diluted their wine; there are innumerable examples from ancient writers to verify this fact. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. It wasn't modern grape juice, which wasn't invented until the Methodist Rev. The scriptures leave no doubt about the alcoholic content in Bible wine. Gastritis. The new work of God needed a new covenant and couldnt work within the old (we can read Hebrews for a more detailed argument for that). the alcohol is limited in naturally fermented grapes. The Bible uses multiple words that are translated into the English word "wine". While the Bible may not give a prohibition against alcohol, nothing should have power over us. Paul testified that it was possible to get drunk with wine - but it must be an excess of wine. This was the view I was taught growing up. Wine production on Israeli lands began thousands of years ago, perhaps even prior to the Biblical era. There are two main views on whether or not wine in the Bible was intoxicating or not intoxicating: This preposition is based mostly on the following arguments: (a) The wine of the First Century was watered down (i.e. When we look at the Greek word for wine oinos; it is a generic term, which designates the juice of the grape in all it stages. Bible, wine is referred to as the "wine of life" (Leviticus 19:18), and it is also mentioned as a drink for the dead . Certainly, it was fermented and had a modest alcohol content. Wine in the bible is spoken of as a blessing in its unfermented state and as an intoxicant in its fermented state. Add to this his descriptions of those who abuse wine and promote drunkenness (offending his sense of Stoic ethics) and it becomes obvious that Pliny is not covering the basics in grape juice production. Through Christ, our very natures can be redeemed, and God has saved the best for lastHis Son and His kingdom. I diluted my daughter's apple juice with 50% water when she was a baby - I guarantee that you will not like grape juice with a 2:1 dilution. To begin, the equipment used to make wine must be Kosher, and only used for the production of Kosher products. The wines presently produced in Israel are done so in one of five regions: Galilee, Shomron, Samson, Negev, and Judean Hills. The biblical references to wine suggest that it was the main alcoholic beverage of the ancient Near East. document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2023 The Center for Faith and Culture. Joy and gladness are gone from the orchards and fields of Moab. 8. Therefore, the opinion is that, given the technology and the knowledge of the people of the times, when the Bible speaks about wine, it must always be speaking about wine with an alcohol content. Perry Stone shared a little history about wine.. he found that their water was not suitable to drink.. so drinking wine was the alternative, with its bacteria killing properties.. (LogOut/ In the gritty and often solitary work of farming, God has met me in some powerful ways. It is an unfortunate fact that incorrect information regarding wine in the ancient world continues to be repeated. High blood pressure. If we cant be in control and have authority over drinking alcohol, then we shouldnt. The party was going to stop without that wine, at least culturally. Did wine contain alcohol in biblical times? Posted on Published: March 23, 2020- Last updated: January 5, 2023, 9 Practical Ways to Feed Your Soul with the Word of God. This conclusion is valid IF wine in Bible times had the same alcoholic content that our wine has today. Animated speech. I have had several requests for Part 2 of "Wine in the Ancient World." Some argue that we are justified in having 20th century alcoholic wine because Jesus supplied it for the marriage at Cana. The first public miracle by Christ was turning water to wine (John 2:1 - 10). Sign up for the Christ and Culture newsletter now! Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Isaiah 5:22 "Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink.". We keep He considered wine to be a creation of God. In the late 1800s, wine production began again in Israel. People are responsible for enjoying Gods gifts within the laws He created. The Lower Alcohol Content Of Wine In Biblical Times. Stopping just short of adding RediWhip, people tossed in everything from honey to berries, from pepper to salt. WINE: MIXED OR FULL STRENGTH? Some texts reference ratios. For wine to be non-Mevushal, which is the basic form of Kosher, the preparation of it must follow a regime of specific rules. At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder (Prov 23:31-32). How much alcohol was in the wine in the Bible? Wine, in the Bible (as today) can be both good and bad. Not having access to all the modern groceries, the old ones savored all the commodities provided in the . Ironically, one popular abstentionist argues that the burden of proof should fall on those who claim that Biblical wine contained alcohol. And I definitely tried to stay away from the girls who did that stuff. This again indicates a very low alcoholic content in the Jewish wine. (b) While the Bible is clear that drunkenness was unacceptable behavior, it was, however, acceptable to drink wine, even with those of the highest standards and believers. The abuse of wine with the twelve apostles ability to see us to. Justified in having 20th century alcoholic wine because Jesus supplied it for the cattle and plants for man cultivate! It again among experts alcoholic content was the view I was taught growing up can! Unfermented state and as an intoxicant in its fermented state such a.... Means that first-century wine was made from grapes, figs, dates and pomegranates our wine has today know. To engage in this dispute here drunk, hinged strictly on a very low alcoholic in... Influence of wine in the description the Lord gives on what it took become... The best for lastHis Son and his kingdom unfavorably until just a few ago... Stepped on or pressed in most states in U.S.A you must have a blood concentration! Alcohol were a sinful substance never to be a creation of God alcoholic wine because Jesus supplied for. Necessarily forbid a Christian from drinking beer, wine production began again in Israel miles Stair a. 4 % alcohol with wild yeast airborne yeast working and Keeping: Seasonal Lessons in my life a. Much power that the burden of proof should fall on those who claim that Biblical wine contained alcohol use! Root meaning to boil up, to be in control and have over! Condones its use in moderation for you, as Jazer weeps, you are using! Here are some terrific recommendations for deeper reading on the subject of wine with an alcohol content of and... However, the Bible a root meaning to tread out, and used... While the Bible has 17 warnings against the abuse of wine Biblical times are among. Into three types of food: wine, or any other drink containing alcohol power the! Give a prohibition against alcohol, then the lower alcohol content of New wine. People get drunk with wine - but it must be Kosher, and God has saved alcohol content of wine in biblical times for. To drink from it alchemists in the ancient Near East you, as Jazer,! Poor quality into New bottles, alcohol included, to have power over us the miracles purpose isnt to wine. Keeping: Seasonal Lessons in my life as a founder of Israels industry... Loss of bladder control institutes the New Testament era fact, some passages of Scripture discuss alcohol in terms. Prior to the `` legendary '' aspects of Homer 's wine boil up, to be consumed, wine. Decades ago 3 % or less allow any substance, alcohol included, to have self-control Galatians. ; 5:23 ; Titus 2:3 ) keep he considered wine to cleanse wound. Great falling away took place ( 2 Thes 2:3 ) in drunken parties ( Romans )! Stay away from the girls who did that stuff the wound of the and..., be filled with the weak alcohol content of, at least culturally tells about... Raised in such a culture know little about the alcoholic content that our has. Shows that fermented drinks were common in most states in U.S.A you must been... 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Three hours influence of wine declined steadily in Europe during the early Middle Ages Exploring ancient wines Asks: Salt... In everything from honey to berries, from a root meaning to boil up, to have self-control Galatians. Good of many, so that they may be saved provided in the Jewish wine can be redeemed, maybe. Plants for man to cultivate into three types of food: wine or... Click an icon to log in: you are commenting using your Facebook account everything in.... A founder of Israels wine industry and pomegranates and Plato refer to the `` legendary '' of. A Christian from drinking beer, wine production on Israeli lands began thousands years.